Set Validation Rules for Your Schema为架构设置验证规则

JSON Schema ValidationJSON架构验证

To specify JSON Schema validation, use the $jsonSchema operator.要指定JSON模式验证，请使用$jsonSchema运算符。

{
$jsonSchema: {
required: ['customer'], // the customer field is required
properties: {
purchaseMethod: {
enum: ['In Store','Online'],
description: "can only be either 'In Store' or 'Online'"
}
}
}
}

The $jsonSchema operator supports various keywords to specify validation rules. $jsonSchema运算符支持各种键来指定验证规则。For example:例如：

• The required array defines required fields in your document.required数组定义文档中的必需字段。
• The properties object defines rules for specific document fields.properties对象定义特定文档字段的规则

Consider the following example validation:考虑以下验证示例：

span class="lg-highlight-punctuation">{
$jsonSchema: {
bsonType: "object",
required: [ "name", "year", "major", "gpa", "address.city", "address.street" ],
properties: {
name: {
bsonType: "string",
description: "must be a string"
},
year: {
bsonType: "int",
minimum: 2017,
maximum: 3017,
exclusiveMaximum: false,
description: "must be an integer in [ 2017, 3017 ]"
},
major: {
bsonType: "string",
enum: [ "Math", "English", "Computer Science", "History", null ],
description: "can only be one of the enum values"
},
gpa: {
bsonType: [ "double" ],
minimum: 0,
description: "must be a double"
}
}
}
}

This validation specifies:此验证指定：

• The list of required fields.必填字段的列表。
• The bsonType for all fields.所有字段的bsonType。
• The minimum and maximum values for the year field.year字段的下限和上限。
• The acceptable values for the major field, using enum.major字段的可接受值，使用枚举。
• The minimum value for the gpa field.gpa字段的下限。

For all available $jsonSchema keywords, refer to the $jsonSchema page in the MongoDB manual.有关所有可用的$jsonSchema键，请参阅MongoDB手册中的$jsonSchema页面。

Validation using Query Operators使用查询运算符进行验证

You can also specify validation using query operators, with the exception of the following query operators: $near, $nearSphere, $text, and $where.您也可以使用查询运算符指定验证，但以下查询运算符除外：$near、$nearSphere、$text和$where。

{
$or: [
{ phone: { $type: "string" } },
{ email: { $regex: /@mongodb\.com$/ } },
{ status: { $in: [ "Unknown", "Incomplete" ] } }
]
}

Using this validation, one of the following must be true:使用此验证时，以下其中一项必须为真：

• The phone field must be BSON type string,phone字段必须是BSON类型的字符串，
• The email field must match the regex /@mongodb\.com$/, oremail字段必须与regex/@mongodb\.com$/匹配，或者
• The status field must be either Unknown or Incomplete.status字段必须是Unknown或Incomplete。