Insert a Document插入文档

Overview概述

In this guide, you can learn how to insert documents into MongoDB.在本指南中，您可以学习如何将文档插入MongoDB。

You can use MongoDB to retrieve, update and delete information. 您可以使用MongoDB来检索、更新和删除信息。To perform any of those operations, that information, such as user profiles and orders, needs to exist in MongoDB. 要执行任何这些操作，这些信息（如用户配置文件和订单）都需要存在于MongoDB中。For that information to exist, you need to first perform an insert operation.要使该信息存在，您需要首先执行插入操作。

An insert operation inserts a single or multiple documents in MongoDB using the insertOne(), insertMany() and bulkWrite() methods.插入操作使用insertOne()、insertMany()和bulkWrite()方法在MongoDB中插入单个或多个文档。

The following sections focus on insertOne() and insertMany(). 以下部分主要介绍insertOne()和insertMany()。For an example on how to use the bulkWrite() method, see our runnable Bulk Operations Example.有关如何使用bulkWrite()方法的示例，请参阅可运行批量操作示例。

A Note About _id关于_id的注意事项

When inserting a document, MongoDB enforces one constraint on your documents by default. 在插入文档时，MongoDB默认情况下会对文档强制执行一个约束。Each document must contain a unique _id field.每个文档必须包含一个唯一的_id字段。

There are two ways to manage this field:管理此字段有两种方法：

• You can manage this field yourself, ensuring each value you use is unique.您可以自己管理此字段，确保您使用的每个值都是唯一的。
• You can let the driver automatically generate unique ObjectId values with the primary key factory.您可以让驱动程序使用主键工厂自动生成唯一的ObjectId值。

Unless you have provided strong guarantees for uniqueness, we recommend you let the driver automatically generate _id values.除非您为唯一性提供了强有力的保证，否则我们建议您让驱动程序自动生成_id值。

For additional information about _id, see the Server Manual Entry on Unique Indexes.有关_id的其他信息，请参阅“服务器手动输入唯一索引”。

Insert a Single Document插入单个文档

Use the insertOne() method when you want to insert a single document.如果要插入单个文档，请使用insertOne()方法。

On successful insertion, the method returns an InsertOneResult instance representing the _id of the new document.成功插入后，该方法返回一个InsertOneResult实例，表示新文档的_id。

const myDB = client.db("myDB");
const myColl = myDB.collection("pizzaMenu");

const doc = { name: "Neapolitan pizza", shape: "round" };
const result = await myColl.insertOne(doc);
console.log(
   `A document was inserted with the _id: ${result.insertedId}`,
);

A document was inserted with the _id: 60c79c0f4cc72b6bb31e3836

Insert Multiple Documents插入多个文档

Use the insertMany() method when you want to insert multiple documents. 如果要插入多个文档，请使用insertMany()方法。This method inserts documents in the order specified until an exception occurs, if any.此方法按指定的顺序插入文档，直到出现异常（如果有的话）。

For example, assume you want to insert the following documents:例如，假设您要插入以下文档：

{ "_id": 1, "color": "red" }
{ "_id": 2, "color": "purple" }
{ "_id": 1, "color": "yellow" }
{ "_id": 3, "color": "blue" }

If you attempt to insert these documents, a WriteError occurs at the third document and the documents prior to the error get inserted into your collection.如果您尝试插入这些文档，则在第三个文档处会发生WriteError，并且错误之前的文档会插入到您的集合中。

const myDB = client.db("myDB");
const myColl = myDB.collection("colors");

try {
   const docs = [
      { "_id": 1, "color": "red"},
      { "_id": 2, "color": "purple"},
      { "_id": 1, "color": "yellow"},
      { "_id": 3, "color": "blue"}
   ];

   const insertManyresult = await myColl.insertMany(docs);
   let ids = insertManyresult.insertedIds;

   console.log(`${insertManyresult.insertedCount} documents were inserted.`);
   for (let id of Object.values(ids)) {
      console.log(`Inserted a document with id ${id}`);
   }
} catch(e) {
   console.log(`A MongoBulkWriteException occurred, but there are successfully processed documents.`);
   let ids = e.result.result.insertedIds;
   for (let id of Object.values(ids)) {
      console.log(`Processed a document with id ${id._id}`);
   }
   console.log(`Number of documents inserted: ${e.result.result.nInserted}`);
}

A MongoBulkWriteException occurred, but there are successfully processed documents.
Processed a document with id 1
Processed a document with id 2
Processed a document with id 1
Processed a document with id 3
Number of documents inserted: 2

{ "_id": 1, "color": "red" }
{ "_id": 2, "color": "purple" }

On successful insertion, the method returns an InsertManyResult instance representing the number of documents inserted and the _id of the new document.成功插入后，该方法返回一个InsertManyResult实例，该实例表示插入的文档数和新文档的_id。

const myDB = client.db("myDB");
const myColl = myDB.collection("pizzaMenu");

const docs = [
   { name: "Sicilian pizza", shape: "square" },
   { name: "New York pizza", shape: "round" },
   { name: "Grandma pizza", shape: "square" }
];

const insertManyresult = await myColl.insertMany(docs);
let ids = insertManyresult.insertedIds;

console.log(`${insertManyresult.insertedCount} documents were inserted.`);

for (let id of Object.values(ids)) {
   console.log(`Inserted a document with id ${id}`);
}

3 documents were inserted.
Inserted a document with id 60ca09f4a40cf1d1afcd93a2
Inserted a document with id 60ca09f4a40cf1d1afcd93a3
Inserted a document with id 60ca09f4a40cf1d1afcd93a4