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You can specify how MongoDB handles documents that violate violation rules. 您可以指定MongoDB如何处理违反违规规则的文档。When an operation would result in an invalid document, MongoDB can either:当操作将导致无效文档时，MongoDB可以：
Reject any insert or update that violates the validation criteria. 拒绝任何违反验证条件的插入或更新。This is the default behavior.这是默认行为。
Allow the operation to proceed, but record the violation in the MongoDB log.允许操作继续，但将违规记录在MongoDB日志中。
Rejecting invalid documents ensures that your schema stays consistent. 拒绝无效文档可确保架构保持一致。However, in certain scenarios you may want to allow invalid documents, such as a data migration containing documents from before a schema was established.但是，在某些情况下，您可能希望允许无效的文档，例如包含架构建立之前的文档的数据迁移。
Your schema's 您的模式的validationAction option determines how MongoDB handles invalid documents:validationAction选项确定MongoDB如何处理无效文档：
error
| (Default) |
|---|---|
warn
|
The following procedure shows how to create a schema validation that rejects invalid documents.以下过程显示了如何创建拒绝无效文档的模式验证。
validationAction: "error".validationAction: "error"创建集合。Create a 使用具有contacts collection with a JSON schema validator that has validationAction: "error":validationAction: "error"的JSON模式验证器创建contacts集合：
db.createCollection( "contacts", { validator: { $jsonSchema: { bsonType: "object", required: [ "phone" ], properties: { phone: { bsonType: "string", description: "must be a string and is required" }, email: { bsonType : "string", pattern : "@mongodb\.com$", description: "must be a string and match the regular expression pattern" }, status: { enum: [ "Unknown", "Incomplete" ], description: "can only be one of the enum values" } } } }, validationAction: "error" } )
The error validationAction causes MongoDB to reject any invalid documents and prevent them from being inserted into the collection.validationAction为error导致MongoDB拒绝任何无效文档，并阻止它们插入集合。
The following insert operation violates the validation rule because 以下插入操作违反了验证规则，因为status is not one of the allowed values (Unknown or Incomplete):status不是允许的值之一（Unknown或Incomplete）：
db.contacts.insertOne( { name: "Amanda", status: "Updated" } )
The operation fails with the following error:操作失败，出现以下错误：
MongoServerError: Document failed validation Additional information: { failingDocumentId: ObjectId("62b384321340c60e11b98a84"), details: { operatorName: '$jsonSchema', schemaRulesNotSatisfied: [ { operatorName: 'properties', propertiesNotSatisfied: [ { propertyName: 'status', description: 'can only be one of the enum values', details: [ { operatorName: 'enum', specifiedAs: { enum: [ 'Unknown', 'Incomplete' ] }, reason: 'value was not found in enum', consideredValue: 'Updated' } ] } ] }, { operatorName: 'required', specifiedAs: { required: [ 'phone' ] }, missingProperties: [ 'phone' ] } ] } }
The following procedure shows how to create a schema validation that allows invalid documents, but records invalid documents in the MongoDB log.以下过程显示了如何创建模式验证，该验证允许无效文档，但在MongoDB日志中记录无效文档。
validationAction: "warn".validationAction: "warn"创建集合。Create a 使用具有contacts2 collection with a JSON schema validator that has validationAction: "warn":validationAction: "warn"的JSON模式验证器创建contacts2集合：
db.createCollection( "contacts2", { validator: { $jsonSchema: { bsonType: "object", required: [ "phone" ], properties: { phone: { bsonType: "string", description: "must be a string and is required" }, email: { bsonType : "string", pattern : "@mongodb\.com$", description: "must be a string and match the regular expression pattern" }, status: { enum: [ "Unknown", "Incomplete" ], description: "can only be one of the enum values" } } } }, validationAction: "warn" } )
The warn validationAction allows invalid documents to be inserted into the collection. validationAction为warn允许将无效文档插入到集合中。Invalid documents are recorded in the MongoDB log.MongoDB日志中记录了无效文档。
To view the MongoDB logs in a readable format, run the following command:要以可读格式查看MongoDB日志，请运行以下命令：
db.adminCommand( { getLog:'global'} ).log.forEach(x => { print(x) })
The MongoDB log includes an entry similar to the following object:MongoDB日志包含一个类似于以下对象的条目：
{
"t":{
"$date":"2022-06-30T18:05:22.088-04:00"
},
"s":"W",
"c":"STORAGE",
"id":20294,
"ctx":"conn61",
"msg":"Document would fail validation",
"attr":{
"namespace":"test.contacts2",
"document":{
"_id":{
"$oid":"62be1e2273c105dde923129f"
},
"name":"Amanda",
"status":"Updated"
},
"errInfo":{
"failingDocumentId":{
"$oid":"62be1e2273c105dde923129f"
},
"details":{
"operatorName":"$jsonSchema",
"schemaRulesNotSatisfied":[
{
"operatorName":"properties",
"propertiesNotSatisfied":[
{
"propertyName":"status",
"description":"can only be one of the enum values",
"details":[
{
"operatorName":"enum",
"specifiedAs":{
"enum":[
"Unknown",
"Incomplete"
]
},
"reason":"value was not found in enum",
"consideredValue":"Updated"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"operatorName":"required",
"specifiedAs":{
"required":[
"phone"
]
},
"missingProperties":[
"phone"
]
}
]
}
}
}
}