db.collection.updateMany()

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Definition定义

db.collection.updateMany(filter, update, options)
Important重要
mongosh Method

This is a mongosh method. This is not the documentation for Node.js or other programming language specific driver methods.

In most cases, mongosh methods work the same way as the legacy mongo shell methods. However, some legacy methods are unavailable in mongosh.

For the legacy mongo shell documentation, refer to the documentation for the corresponding MongoDB Server release:

For MongoDB API drivers, refer to the language specific MongoDB driver documentation.

Updates all documents that match the specified filter for a collection.更新与集合的指定筛选器匹配的所有文档。

Syntax语法

The updateMany() method has the following form:updateMany()方法具有以下形式：

db.collection.updateMany(
   <filter>,
   <update>,
   {
     upsert: <boolean>,
     writeConcern: <document>,
     collation: <document>,
     arrayFilters: [ <filterdocument1>, ... ],
     hint:  <document|string>
        // Available starting in MongoDB 4.2.1
   }
)

Parameters参数

The updateMany() method takes the following parameters:updateMany()方法采用以下参数：

Parameter参数Type类型Description描述
filterdocument

The selection criteria for the update. 更新的选择条件。The same query selectors as in the find() method are available.可以使用与find()方法相同的查询选择器。

Specify an empty document { } to update all documents in the collection.指定空文档{ }以更新集合中的所有文档。

updatedocument or pipeline

The modifications to apply. Can be one of the following:要应用的修改。可以是以下之一：

Update document更新文档

Contains only update operator expressions.仅包含更新运算符表达式。

For more information, see Update with an Update Operator Expressions Document有关详细信息，请参阅使用更新运算符表达式文档进行更新

Aggregation pipeline聚合管道(Starting in MongoDB 4.2从MongoDB 4.2开始)

Contains only the following aggregation stages:仅包含以下聚合阶段：

For more information, see Update with an Aggregation Pipeline.有关详细信息，请参阅使用聚合管道更新。

To update with a replacement document, see db.collection.replaceOne().要使用替换文档进行更新，请参阅db.collection.replaceOne()。

upsertboolean

Optional. 可选。When true, updateMany() either:为true时，updateMany()：

  • Creates a new document if no documents match the filter. 如果没有与filter匹配的文档，则创建新文档。For more details see upsert behavior.有关详细信息，请参阅upsert行为。
  • Updates documents that match the filter.更新与filter匹配的文档。

To avoid multiple upserts, ensure that the filter fields are uniquely indexed.为了避免多次upsert，请确保filter字段被唯一索引。

Defaults to false.默认为false。

writeConcerndocument

Optional. 可选。A document expressing the write concern. 表示写入关注点的文档。Omit to use the default write concern.省略以使用默认写入关注点。

Do not explicitly set the write concern for the operation if run in a transaction. 如果在事务中运行，请不要显式设置操作的写入关注点。To use write concern with transactions, see Transactions and Write Concern.要将写关注点用于事务，请参阅事务和写关注点。

collationdocument

Optional.可选。

Specifies the collation to use for the operation.指定用于操作的排序规则。

Collation allows users to specify language-specific rules for string comparison, such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.允许用户指定特定于语言的字符串比较规则，例如字母大小写和重音标记规则。

The collation option has the following syntax:排序规则选项具有以下语法：

collation: {
   locale: <string>,
   caseLevel: <boolean>,
   caseFirst: <string>,
   strength: <int>,
   numericOrdering: <boolean>,
   alternate: <string>,
   maxVariable: <string>,
   backwards: <boolean>
}

When specifying collation, the locale field is mandatory; all other collation fields are optional. 指定排序规则时，locale字段是必填字段；所有其他排序规则字段都是可选的。For descriptions of the fields, see Collation Document.有关字段的说明，请参阅排序规则文档。

If the collation is unspecified but the collection has a default collation (see db.createCollection()), the operation uses the collation specified for the collection.如果未指定排序规则，但集合具有默认排序规则（请参见db.createCollection()），则操作将使用为集合指定的排序规则。

If no collation is specified for the collection or for the operations, MongoDB uses the simple binary comparison used in prior versions for string comparisons.如果没有为集合或操作指定排序规则，MongoDB将使用以前版本中使用的简单二进制比较进行字符串比较。

You cannot specify multiple collations for an operation. 不能为一个操作指定多个排序规则。For example, you cannot specify different collations per field, or if performing a find with a sort, you cannot use one collation for the find and another for the sort.例如，您不能为每个字段指定不同的排序规则，或者如果使用排序执行查找，则不能将一种排序规则用于查找，另一种用于排序。

arrayFiltersarray

Optional. 可选。An array of filter documents that determine which array elements to modify for an update operation on an array field.筛选文档的数组，用于确定要为数组字段的更新操作修改哪些数组元素。

In the update document, use the $[<identifier>] filtered positional operator to define an identifier, which you then reference in the array filter documents. 在更新文档中，使用$[<identifier>]筛选位置运算符定义标识符，然后在数组筛选器文档中引用该标识符。You cannot have an array filter document for an identifier if the identifier is not included in the update document.如果更新文档中未包含标识符，则不能为该标识符创建数组筛选器文档。

Note注意

The <identifier> must begin with a lowercase letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.<identifier>必须以小写字母开头，并且仅包含字母数字字符。

You can include the same identifier multiple times in the update document; however, for each distinct identifier ($[identifier]) in the update document, you must specify exactly onecorresponding array filter document. 您可以在更新文档中多次包含同一标识符；但是，对于更新文档中的每个不同标识符（$[identifier]），必须精确指定一个对应的数组筛选器文档。That is, you cannot specify multiple array filter documents for the same identifier. 也就是说，不能为同一标识符指定多个数组筛选器文档。For example, if the update statement includes the identifier x(possibly multiple times), you cannot specify the following for arrayFilters that includes 2 separate filter documents for x:例如，如果update语句包含标识符x（可能多次），则不能为包含x的两个单独筛选器文档的arrayFilters指定以下内容：

// INVALID
[
  { "x.a": { $gt: 85 } },
  { "x.b": { $gt: 80 } }
]

However, you can specify compound conditions on the same identifier in a single filter document, such as in the following examples:但是，您可以在单个筛选器文档中对同一标识符指定复合条件，例如在以下示例中：

// Example 1
[
  { $or: [{"x.a": {$gt: 85}}, {"x.b": {$gt: 80}}] }
]
// Example 2
[
  { $and: [{"x.a": {$gt: 85}}, {"x.b": {$gt: 80}}] }
]
// Example 3
[
  { "x.a": { $gt: 85 }, "x.b": { $gt: 80 } }
]

For examples, see Specify arrayFilters for an Array Update Operations.有关示例，请参阅为数组更新操作指定arrayFilters。

hintDocument or string

Optional. 可选。A document or string that specifies the index to use to support the query predicate.指定用于支持查询谓词的索引的文档或字符串。

The option can take an index specification document or the index name string.该选项可以采用索引规范文档或索引名称字符串。

If you specify an index that does not exist, the operation errors.如果指定的索引不存在，则操作会出错。

For an example, see Specify hint for Update Operations.有关示例，请参阅为更新操作指定hint。

New in version 4.2.1.在版本4.2.1中新增。

Returns返回值

The method returns a document that contains:该方法返回包含以下内容的文档：

  • A boolean acknowledged as true if the operation ran with write concern or false if write concern was disabled如果操作运行时存在写入关注，则acknowledged为布尔值true；如果禁用写入关注，则为布尔值false
  • matchedCount containing the number of matched documents包含匹配文档的数量
  • modifiedCount containing the number of modified documents包含修改文档的数量
  • upsertedId containing the _id for the upserted document包含已插入文档的_id

Access Control访问控制

On deployments running with authorization, the user must have access that includes the following privileges:在使用authorization运行的部署上，用户必须具有包括以下权限的访问权限：

  • update action on the specified collection(s).对指定集合的update操作。
  • find action on the specified collection(s).对指定集合的find操作。
  • insert action on the specified collection(s) if the operation results in an upsert.如果操作导致upsert，则对指定集合执行insert操作。

The built-in role readWrite provides the required privileges.内置角色readWrite提供所需的权限。

Behavior行为

updateMany() updates all matching documents in the collection that match the filter, using the update criteria to apply modifications.updateMany()更新集合中与filter匹配的所有匹配文档，使用update条件应用修改。

Upsert

If upsert: true and no documents match the filter, db.collection.updateMany() creates a new document based on the filter and update parameters.如果upsert:true并且没有文档与filter匹配，db.collection.updateMany()将基于筛选器和更新参数创建一个新文档。

If you specify upsert: true on a sharded collection, you must include the full shard key in the filter. 如果在分片集合上指定upsert:true，则必须在filter中包含完整的分片键。For additional db.collection.updateMany() behavior, see Sharded Collections.有关其他db.collection.updateMany()行为，请参阅分片集合。

See Update Multiple Documents with Upsert.请参见使用更新更新多个文档。

Update with an Update Operator Expressions Document使用更新运算符表达式文档进行更新

For the modification specification, the db.collection.updateMany() method can accept a document that only contains update operator expressions to perform.对于修改规范，db.collection.updateMany()方法可以接受只包含要执行的更新运算符表达式的文档。

For example:

db.collection.updateMany(
   <query>,
   { $set: { status: "D" }, $inc: { quantity: 2 } },
   ...
)

Update with an Aggregation Pipeline使用聚合管道更新

Starting in MongoDB 4.2, the db.collection.updateMany() method can accept an aggregation pipeline [ <stage1>, <stage2>, ... ] that specifies the modifications to perform. 从MongoDB 4.2开始，db.collection.updateMany()方法可以接受指定要执行的修改的聚合管道[ <stage1>, <stage2>, ... ]。The pipeline can consist of the following stages:管道可包括以下阶段：

Using the aggregation pipeline allows for a more expressive update statement, such as expressing conditional updates based on current field values or updating one field using the value of another field(s).使用聚合管道允许使用更具表现力的更新语句，例如基于当前字段值表达条件更新，或使用另一个字段的值更新一个字段。

For example:

db.collection.updateMany(
   <query>,
   [
      { $set: { status: "Modified", comments: [ "$misc1", "$misc2" ] } },
      { $unset: [ "misc1", "misc2" ] }
   ]
   ...
)
Note注意

The $set and $unset used in the pipeline refers to the aggregation stages $set and $unset respectively, and not the update operators $set and $unset.管道中使用的$set和$unset分别指聚合阶段$set和$unset，而不是更新运算符$set和$unset。

For examples, see Update with Aggregation Pipeline.有关示例，请参阅使用聚合管道更新。

Capped Collections封顶集合

If an update operation changes the document size, the operation will fail.如果更新操作更改了文档大小，则操作将失败。

Time Series Collections时间序列集合

You cannot use the updateMany() method on a time series collection.不能对时间序列集合使用updateMany()方法。

Sharded Collections分片集合

For a db.collection.updateMany() operation that includes upsert: true and is on a sharded collection, you must include the full shard key in the filter.对于包含upsert:true且位于分片集合上的db.collection.updateMany()操作，必须在filter中包含完整的分片键。

Explainability解释能力

updateMany() is not compatible with db.collection.explain().updateMany()与db.collection.explain()不兼容。

Transactions事务

db.collection.updateMany() can be used inside multi-document transactions.可以在多文档事务处理中使用。

Important重要

In most cases, multi-document transaction incurs a greater performance cost over single document writes, and the availability of multi-document transactions should not be a replacement for effective schema design. 在大多数情况下，多文档事务比单文档写入带来更高的性能成本，并且多文档事务的可用性不应取代有效的模式设计。For many scenarios, the denormalized data model (embedded documents and arrays) will continue to be optimal for your data and use cases. 对于许多场景，非规范化的数据模型（嵌入式文档和数组）将继续最适合您的数据和用例。That is, for many scenarios, modeling your data appropriately will minimize the need for multi-document transactions.也就是说，对于许多场景，适当地建模您的数据将最小化对多文档事务的需要。

For additional transactions usage considerations (such as runtime limit and oplog size limit), see also Production Considerations.有关其他事务使用注意事项（如运行时限制和oplog大小限制），请参阅生产注意事项。

Upsert within Transactions在事务中更新

Starting in MongoDB 4.4, you can create collections and indexes inside a multi-document transaction if the transaction is not a cross-shard write transaction.从MongoDB 4.4开始，如果事务不是跨分片写事务，则可以在多文档事务中创建集合和索引。

Specifically, in MongoDB 4.4 and greater, db.collection.updateMany() with upsert: true can be run on an existing collection or a non-existing collection. 具体来说，在MongoDB 4.4及更高版本中，带有upsert:true的db.collection.updateMany()可以在现有集合或不存在的集合上运行。If run on a non-existing collection, the operation creates the collection.如果在不存在的集合上运行，则该操作将创建集合。

In MongoDB 4.2 and earlier, the operation must be run on an existing collection.在MongoDB 4.2及更早版本中，操作必须在现有集合上运行。

Tip提示

Write Concerns and Transactions写入问题和事务

Do not explicitly set the write concern for the operation if run in a transaction. 如果在事务中运行，请不要显式设置操作的写入关注点。To use write concern with transactions, see Transactions and Write Concern.要将写关注点用于事务，请参阅事务和写关注点。

Examples示例

Update Multiple Documents更新多个文档

The restaurant collection contains the following documents:restaurant集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "Central Perk Cafe", "violations" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Rock A Feller Bar and Grill", "violations" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "Empire State Sub", "violations" : 5 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "Pizza Rat's Pizzaria", "violations" : 8 }

The following operation updates all documents where violations are greater than 4 and $set a flag for review:以下操作将更新所有violations大于4的文档，并$set标记以供审查：

try {
   db.restaurant.updateMany(
      { violations: { $gt: 4 } },
      { $set: { "Review" : true } }
   );
} catch (e) {
   print(e);
}

The operation returns:操作返回：

{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 2, "modifiedCount" : 2 }

The collection now contains the following documents:该集合现在包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "Central Perk Cafe", "violations" : 3 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Rock A Feller Bar and Grill", "violations" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "Empire State Sub", "violations" : 5, "Review" : true }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "Pizza Rat's Pizzaria", "violations" : 8, "Review" : true }

If no matches were found, the operation instead returns:如果未找到匹配项，则操作将返回：

{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 0, "modifiedCount" : 0 }

Setting upsert: true would insert a document if no match was found.如果未找到匹配项，设置upsert:true将插入文档。

Update with Aggregation Pipeline使用聚合管道更新

Starting in MongoDB 4.2, the db.collection.updateMany() can use an aggregation pipeline for the update. 从MongoDB 4.2开始，db.collection.updateMany()可以使用聚合管道进行更新。The pipeline can consist of the following stages:管道可包括以下阶段：

Using the aggregation pipeline allows for a more expressive update statement, such as expressing conditional updates based on current field values or updating one field using the value of another field(s).使用聚合管道允许使用更具表现力的更新语句，例如基于当前字段值表达条件更新，或使用另一个字段的值更新一个字段。

Example 1示例1

The following examples uses the aggregation pipeline to modify a field using the values of the other fields in the document.以下示例使用聚合管道使用文档中其他字段的值修改字段。

Create a members collection with the following documents:使用以下文档创建members集合：

db.members.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "member" : "abc123", "status" : "A", "points" : 2, "misc1" : "note to self: confirm status", "misc2" : "Need to activate", "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00Z") },
   { "_id" : 2, "member" : "xyz123", "status" : "A", "points" : 60, "misc1" : "reminder: ping me at 100pts", "misc2" : "Some random comment", "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00Z") }
] )

Assume that instead of separate misc1 and misc2 fields, you want to gather these into a new comments field. 假设您希望将这些字段集合到一个新的注释字段中，而不是单独的misc1和misc2字段。The following update operation uses an aggregation pipeline to:以下更新操作使用聚合管道：

  • add the new comments field and set the lastUpdate field.添加新的comments字段并设置lastUpdate字段。
  • remove the misc1 and misc2 fields for all documents in the collection.删除集合中所有文档的misc1和misc2字段。
db.members.updateMany(
   { },
   [
      { $set: { status: "Modified", comments: [ "$misc1", "$misc2" ], lastUpdate: "$$NOW" } },
      { $unset: [ "misc1", "misc2" ] }
   ]
)
Note注意

The $set and $unset used in the pipeline refers to the aggregation stages $set and $unset respectively, and not the update operators $set and $unset.管道中使用的$set和$unset分别指聚合阶段$set和$unset，而不是更新运算符$set和$unset。

First Stage第一阶段

The $set stage:$set阶段：

  • creates a new array field comments whose elements are the current content of the misc1 and misc2 fields and创建一个新的数组字段comments，其元素是misc1和misc2字段的当前内容
  • sets the field lastUpdate to the value of the aggregation variable NOW. 将字段lastUpdate设置为聚合变量NOW的值。The aggregation variable NOW resolves to the current datetime value and remains the same throughout the pipeline. 聚合变量NOW解析为当前日期时间值，并在整个管道中保持不变。To access aggregation variables, prefix the variable with double dollar signs $$ and enclose in quotes.要访问聚合变量，请在变量前面加上双美元符号$$并用引号括起来。
Second Stage第二阶段
The $unset stage removes the misc1 and misc2 fields.$unset阶段删除misc1和misc2字段。

After the command, the collection contains the following documents:命令后，集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "member" : "abc123", "status" : "Modified", "points" : 2, "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2020-01-23T05:50:49.247Z"), "comments" : [ "note to self: confirm status", "Need to activate" ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "member" : "xyz123", "status" : "Modified", "points" : 60, "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2020-01-23T05:50:49.247Z"), "comments" : [ "reminder: ping me at 100pts", "Some random comment" ] }

Example 2

The aggregation pipeline allows the update to perform conditional updates based on the current field values as well as use current field values to calculate a separate field value.聚合管道允许更新基于当前字段值执行条件更新，并使用当前字段值来计算单独的字段值。

For example, create a students3 collection with the following documents:例如，使用以下文档创建students3集合：

db.students3.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "tests" : [ 95, 92, 90 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00Z") },
   { "_id" : 2, "tests" : [ 94, 88, 90 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00Z") },
   { "_id" : 3, "tests" : [ 70, 75, 82 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00Z") }
] )

Using an aggregation pipeline, you can update the documents with the calculated grade average and letter grade.使用聚合管道，可以使用计算的平均成绩和字母成绩更新文档。

db.students3.updateMany(
   { },
   [
     { $set: { average : { $trunc: [ { $avg: "$tests" }, 0 ] } , lastUpdate: "$$NOW" } },
     { $set: { grade: { $switch: {
                           branches: [
                               { case: { $gte: [ "$average", 90 ] }, then: "A" },
                               { case: { $gte: [ "$average", 80 ] }, then: "B" },
                               { case: { $gte: [ "$average", 70 ] }, then: "C" },
                               { case: { $gte: [ "$average", 60 ] }, then: "D" }
                           ],
                           default: "F"
     } } } }
   ]
)
Note注意

The $set used in the pipeline refers to the aggregation stage $set, and not the update operators $set.管道中使用的$set是指聚合阶段$set，而不是更新运算符$set。

First Stage第一阶段

The $set stage:$set阶段：

  • calculates a new field average based on the average of the tests field. 基于tests字段的平均值计算新的字段average。See $avg for more information on the $avg aggregation operator and $trunc for more information on the $trunc truncate aggregation operator.有关$avg聚合运算符的详细信息，请参阅$avg；有关$trunc截断聚合运算符的更多信息，请参阅$trunc。
  • sets the field lastUpdate to the value of the aggregation variable NOW. 将字段lastUpdate设置为聚合变量NOW的值。The aggregation variable NOW resolves to the current datetime value and remains the same throughout the pipeline. 聚合变量NOW解析为当前日期时间值，并在整个管道中保持不变。To access aggregation variables, prefix the variable with double dollar signs $$ and enclose in quotes.要访问聚合变量，请在变量前面加上双美元符号$$并用引号括起来。
Second Stage第二阶段
The $set stage calculates a new field grade based on the average field calculated in the previous stage. $set阶段根据上一阶段计算的平均字段计算新字段grade。See $switch for more information on the $switch aggregation operator.有关$switch聚合运算符的更多信息，请参阅$switch。

After the command, the collection contains the following documents:命令后，集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "tests" : [ 95, 92, 90 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2020-01-24T17:31:01.670Z"), "average" : 92, "grade" : "A" }
{ "_id" : 2, "tests" : [ 94, 88, 90 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2020-01-24T17:31:01.670Z"), "average" : 90, "grade" : "A" }
{ "_id" : 3, "tests" : [ 70, 75, 82 ], "lastUpdate" : ISODate("2020-01-24T17:31:01.670Z"), "average" : 75, "grade" : "C" }
Tip提示

Update Multiple Documents with Upsert使用更新更新多个文档

The inspectors collection contains the following documents:inspectors集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 92412, "inspector" : "F. Drebin", "Sector" : 1, "Patrolling" : true },
{ "_id" : 92413, "inspector" : "J. Clouseau", "Sector" : 2, "Patrolling" : false },
{ "_id" : 92414, "inspector" : "J. Clouseau", "Sector" : 3, "Patrolling" : true },
{ "_id" : 92415, "inspector" : "R. Coltrane", "Sector" : 3, "Patrolling" : false }

The following operation updates all documents with Sector greater than 4 and inspector equal to "R. Coltrane":以下操作更新Sector大于4且inspector等于"R. Coltrane"的所有文件：

try {
   db.inspectors.updateMany(
      { "Sector" : { $gt : 4 }, "inspector" : "R. Coltrane" },
      { $set: { "Patrolling" : false } },
      { upsert: true }
   );
} catch (e) {
   print(e);
}

The operation returns:操作返回：

{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "matchedCount" : 0,
   "modifiedCount" : 0,
   "upsertedId" : ObjectId("56fc5dcb39ee682bdc609b02")
}

The collection now contains the following documents:该集合现在包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 92412, "inspector" : "F. Drebin", "Sector" : 1, "Patrolling" : true },
{ "_id" : 92413, "inspector" : "J. Clouseau", "Sector" : 2, "Patrolling" : false },
{ "_id" : 92414, "inspector" : "J. Clouseau", "Sector" : 3, "Patrolling" : true },
{ "_id" : 92415, "inspector" : "R. Coltrane", "Sector" : 3, "Patrolling" : false },
{ "_id" : ObjectId("56fc5dcb39ee682bdc609b02"), "inspector" : "R. Coltrane", "Patrolling" : false }

Since no documents matched the filter, and upsert was true, updateMany() inserted the document with a generated _id, the equality conditions from the filter, and the update modifiers.由于没有与filter匹配的文档，并且upsert为true，updateMany()插入了带有生成的_id、来自filter和update修饰符的相等条件的文档。

Update with Write Concern有写入关注的更新

Given a three member replica set, the following operation specifies a w of majority and wtimeout of 100:给定一个三成员副本集，以下操作指定w为多数，wtimeout为100：

try {
   db.restaurant.updateMany(
       { "name" : "Pizza Rat's Pizzaria" },
       { $inc: { "violations" : 3}, $set: { "Closed" : true } },
       { w: "majority", wtimeout: 100 }
   );
} catch (e) {
   print(e);
}

If the acknowledgement takes longer than the wtimeout limit, the following exception is thrown:如果确认时间超过wtimeout限制，则会引发以下异常：

Changed in version 4.4.在版本4.4中更改。

WriteConcernError({
   "code" : 64,
   "errmsg" : "waiting for replication timed out",
   "errInfo" : {
     "wtimeout" : true,
     "writeConcern" : {
       "w" : "majority",
       "wtimeout" : 100,
       "provenance" : "getLastErrorDefaults"
     }
   }
})

The following table explains the possible values of errInfo.writeConcern.provenance:下表说明了errInfo.writeConcernprovence的可能值：

ProvenanceDescription描述
clientSuppliedThe write concern was specified in the application.应用程序中指定了写入关注。
customDefaultThe write concern originated from a custom defined default value. 写入问题源自自定义的默认值。See setDefaultRWConcern.请参阅setDefaultRWConcern。
getLastErrorDefaultsThe write concern originated from the replica set's settings.getLastErrorDefaults field.写入问题源自副本集的settings.getLastErrorDefaults字段。
implicitDefaultThe write concern originated from the server in absence of all other write concern specifications.在没有其他写问题规范的情况下，写问题源于服务器。

Specify Collation指定排序规则

Collation allows users to specify language-specific rules for string comparison, such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.允许用户为字符串比较指定特定于语言的规则，例如字母大小写和重音标记的规则。

A collection myColl has the following documents:myColl集合包含以下文档：

{ _id: 1, category: "café", status: "A" }
{ _id: 2, category: "cafe", status: "a" }
{ _id: 3, category: "cafE", status: "a" }

The following operation includes the collation option:以下操作包括collation选项：

db.myColl.updateMany(
   { category: "cafe" },
   { $set: { status: "Updated" } },
   { collation: { locale: "fr", strength: 1 } }
);

Specify arrayFilters for an Array Update Operations为数组更新操作指定arrayFilters

Starting in MongoDB 3.6, when updating an array field, you can specify arrayFilters that determine which array elements to update.从MongoDB 3.6开始，在更新数组字段时，可以指定arrayFilters来确定要更新的数组元素。

Update Elements Match arrayFilters Criteria更新元素匹配arrayFilters条件

Create a collection students with the following documents:使用以下文档创建students集合：

db.students.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "grades" : [ 95, 92, 90 ] },
   { "_id" : 2, "grades" : [ 98, 100, 102 ] },
   { "_id" : 3, "grades" : [ 95, 110, 100 ] }
] )

To update all elements that are greater than or equal to 100 in the grades array, use the filtered positional operator $[<identifier>] with the arrayFilters option:要更新grades数组中大于或等于100的所有元素，请将筛选后的位置运算符$[<identifier>]与arrayFilters选项一起使用：

db.students.updateMany(
   { grades: { $gte: 100 } },
   { $set: { "grades.$[element]" : 100 } },
   { arrayFilters: [ { "element": { $gte: 100 } } ] }
)

After the operation, the collection contains the following documents:操作后，集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "grades" : [ 95, 92, 90 ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "grades" : [ 98, 100, 100 ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "grades" : [ 95, 100, 100 ] }

Update Specific Elements of an Array of Documents更新文档数组的特定元素

Create a collection students2 with the following documents:使用以下文档创建一个集合students2：

db.students2.insertMany( [
   {
      "_id" : 1,
      "grades" : [
         { "grade" : 80, "mean" : 75, "std" : 6 },
         { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 90, "std" : 4 },
         { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 85, "std" : 6 }
      ]
   },
   {
      "_id" : 2,
      "grades" : [
         { "grade" : 90, "mean" : 75, "std" : 6 },
         { "grade" : 87, "mean" : 90, "std" : 3 },
         { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 85, "std" : 4 }
      ]
   }
] )

To modify the value of the mean field for all elements in the grades array where the grade is greater than or equal to 85, use the filtered positional operator $[<identifier>] with the arrayFilters:要修改grade大于或等于85的grades数组中所有元素的mean字段的值，请将筛选后的位置运算符$[<identifier>]与arrayFilters一起使用：

db.students2.updateMany(
   { },
   { $set: { "grades.$[elem].mean" : 100 } },
   { arrayFilters: [ { "elem.grade": { $gte: 85 } } ] }
)

After the operation, the collection has the following documents:操作后，集合具有以下文档：

{
   "_id" : 1,
   "grades" : [
      { "grade" : 80, "mean" : 75, "std" : 6 },
      { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 100, "std" : 4 },
      { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 100, "std" : 6 }
   ]
}
{
   "_id" : 2,
   "grades" : [
      { "grade" : 90, "mean" : 100, "std" : 6 },
      { "grade" : 87, "mean" : 100, "std" : 3 },
      { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 100, "std" : 4 }
   ]
}

Specify hint for Update Operations指定更新操作的hint

New in version 4.2.1.在版本4.2.1中新增。

Create a sample members collection with the following documents:使用以下文档创建示例members集合：

db.members.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "member" : "abc123", "status" : "P", "points" :  0,  "misc1" : null, "misc2" : null },
   { "_id" : 2, "member" : "xyz123", "status" : "A", "points" : 60,  "misc1" : "reminder: ping me at 100pts", "misc2" : "Some random comment" },
   { "_id" : 3, "member" : "lmn123", "status" : "P", "points" :  0,  "misc1" : null, "misc2" : null },
   { "_id" : 4, "member" : "pqr123", "status" : "D", "points" : 20,  "misc1" : "Deactivated", "misc2" : null },
   { "_id" : 5, "member" : "ijk123", "status" : "P", "points" :  0,  "misc1" : null, "misc2" : null },
   { "_id" : 6, "member" : "cde123", "status" : "A", "points" : 86,  "misc1" : "reminder: ping me at 100pts", "misc2" : "Some random comment" }
] )

Create the following indexes on the collection:在集合上创建以下索引：

db.members.createIndex( { status: 1 } )
db.members.createIndex( { points: 1 } )

The following update operation explicitly hints to use the index { status: 1 }:以下更新操作明确提示使用索引{ status: 1 }：

Note注意

If you specify an index that does not exist, the operation errors.如果指定的索引不存在，则操作会出错。

db.members.updateMany(
   { "points": { $lte: 20 }, "status": "P" },
   { $set: { "misc1": "Need to activate" } },
   { hint: { status: 1 } }
)

The update command returns the following:update命令返回以下内容：

{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 3, "modifiedCount" : 3 }

To view the indexes used, you can use the $indexStats pipeline:要查看使用的索引，可以使用$indexStats管道：

db.members.aggregate( [ { $indexStats: { } }, { $sort: { name: 1 } } ] )
←  db.collection.updateOne()db.collection.watch() →