Rotate Keys for Replica Sets

Replica set members can use keyfiles to authenticate each other as memers of the same deployment.

Starting in version 4.2, a keyfile can contain multiple keys and membership authentication is established if at least one key is common across members. This allows for rolling upgrade of the keys without downtime.

The following tutorial steps through the process to update the key for a replica set without downtime. [1]

Warning警告

The example keys in this tutorial are for illustrative purposes only. Do NOT use for your deployment. Instead, generate a keyfile using any method you choose (for example, openssl rand -base64 756, etc.).

Consider a replica set where each member's keyfile contains the following key:

Image of current key to replace.

The following procedure updates the replica set members to use a new key:

Image of new key.
[1] This tutorial is not applicable to the keyfile used for the MongoDB's encrypted storage engine local key management. That keyfile can only contain a single key.

Procedure

1. Modify the Keyfile to Include Old and New Keys

Modify each member's keyfile to include both the old and new keys. You can specify multiple keys either as strings enclosed in quotes or as a sequence of keys.

Warning警告

The example keys in this tutorial are for illustrative purposes only. Do NOT use for your deployment. Instead, generate a keyfile using any method you choose (e.g. openssl rand -base64 756, etc.).

You can specify multiple key strings as a sequence of key strings (optionally enclosed in single or double quotes).

Image of multiple key string sequence.

2. Restart Each Member

Once all the keyfiles contain both the old and new keys, restart each member one at a time.

For each secondary member, connect mongosh to the member and:

  1. Use the db.shutdownServer() method to shut down the member:

    use admin
db.shutdownServer()
  2. Restart the member.

For the primary, connect mongosh to the member and

  1. Use rs.stepDown() to step down the member:

    rs.stepDown()

  2. Use the db.shutdownServer() method to shut down the member:

    use admin
db.shutdownServer()
  3. Restart the member.

Since the keyfiles contains both the old and new keys, all members can now accept either keys for membership authentication.

3. Update Keyfile Content to the New Key Only

Warning警告

The example keys in this tutorial are for illustrative purposes only. Do NOT use for your deployment. Instead, generate a keyfile using any method you choose (e.g. openssl rand -base64 756, etc.).

Modify each member's keyfile to include only the new password.

Image of new key.

4. Restart Each Member

Once all the keyfiles contain the new key only, restart each member one at a time.

For each secondary member, connect mongosh to the member and:

  1. Use the db.shutdownServer() method to shut down the member:

    use admin
db.shutdownServer()
  2. Restart the member.

For the primary, connect mongosh to the member and

  1. Use rs.stepDown() to step down the member:

    rs.stepDown()

  2. Use the db.shutdownServer() method to shut down the member:

    use admin
db.shutdownServer()
  3. Restart the member.

All members now accept only the new key for membership authentication.

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