Databases and Collections数据库和集合
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Overview概述
MongoDB stores data records as documents (specifically BSON documents) which are gathered together in collections. A database stores one or more collections of documents.
Databases数据库
In MongoDB, databases hold one or more collections of documents. To select a database to use, in mongosh, issue the use <db> statement, as in the following example:
use myDB
Create a Database创建数据库
If a database does not exist, MongoDB creates the database when you first store data for that database. 如果数据库不存在，MongoDB会在您第一次存储该数据库的数据时创建该数据库。As such, you can switch to a non-existent database and perform the following operation in 因此，您可以切换到不存在的数据库，并在mongosh:mongosh中执行以下操作：
use myNewDB
db.myNewCollection1.insertOne( { x: 1 } )
The insertOne() operation creates both the database myNewDB and the collection myNewCollection1 if they do not already exist. Be sure that both the database and collection names follow MongoDB Naming Restrictions.
Collections
MongoDB stores documents in collections. Collections are analogous to tables in relational databases.
Create a Collection
If a collection does not exist, MongoDB creates the collection when you first store data for that collection.
db.myNewCollection2.insertOne( { x: 1 } )
db.myNewCollection3.createIndex( { y: 1 } )
Both the insertOne() and the createIndex() operations create their respective collection if they do not already exist. Be sure that the collection name follows MongoDB Naming Restrictions.
Explicit Creation
MongoDB provides the db.createCollection() method to explicitly create a collection with various options, such as setting the maximum size or the documentation validation rules. If you are not specifying these options, you do not need to explicitly create the collection since MongoDB creates new collections when you first store data for the collections.
To modify these collection options, see collMod.
Document Validation
By default, a collection does not require its documents to have the same schema; i.e. the documents in a single collection do not need to have the same set of fields and the data type for a field can differ across documents within a collection.
Starting in MongoDB 3.2, however, you can enforce document validation rules for a collection during update and insert operations. See Schema Validation for details.
Modifying Document Structure
To change the structure of the documents in a collection, such as add new fields, remove existing fields, or change the field values to a new type, update the documents to the new structure.
Unique Identifiers
Collections are assigned an immutable UUID. The collection UUID remains the same across all members of a replica set and shards in a sharded cluster.
To retrieve the UUID for a collection, run either the listCollections command or the db.getCollectionInfos() method.