create

Command Fields

The create command has the following fields:

clusteredIndex: {
   key: { <string> },
   unique: <boolean>,
   name: <string>
}

changeStreamPreAndPostImages: {
   enabled: <boolean>
}

{ <storage-engine-name>: <options> }

{ <storage-engine-name>: <options> }

collation: {
   locale: <string>,
   caseLevel: <boolean>,
   caseFirst: <string>,
   strength: <int>,
   numericOrdering: <boolean>,
   alternate: <string>,
   maxVariable: <string>,
   backwards: <boolean>
}

encryptedFieldsConfig = {
    "fields": [
      {
        "keyId": UUID,                    // required
        "path": String,                   // path to field, required
        "bsonType": "string" | "int" ..., // required
        "queries":                        // optional
        [
          { "queryType": "equality" },
        ]
      }
    ],
    "queryPatterns": [                    // optional
       {"fieldName": queryType, "fieldName": queryType, … }
    ]
}

The db.createCollection() method and the db.createView() method wrap the create command.

Resource Locking

create obtains an exclusive lock on the specified collection or view for the duration of the operation. All subsequent operations on the collection must wait until create releases the lock. create typically holds this lock for a short time.

Creating a view requires obtaining an additional exclusive lock on the system.views collection in the database. This lock blocks creation or modification of views in the database until the command completes.

Transactions

Starting in MongoDB 4.4, you can create collections and indexes inside a multi-document transaction if the transaction is not a cross-shard write transaction.

To use create in a transaction, the transaction must use read concern "local". If you specify a read concern level other than "local", the transaction fails.

Stable API

When using Stable API V1, you cannot specify the following fields in a create command:

• autoIndexId

• capped

• indexOptionDefaults

• max

• size

• storageEngine

Create a Capped Collection

To create a capped collection limited to 64 kilobytes, issue the command in the following form:

db.runCommand( { create: "collection", capped: true, size: 64 * 1024 } )

Create a Time Series Collection

To create a time series collection that captures weather data for the past 24 hours, issue this command:

db.createCollection(
    "weather24h",
    {
       timeseries: {
          timeField: "timestamp",
          metaField: "data",
          granularity: "hours"
       },
       expireAfterSeconds: 86400
    }
)

Alternately, to keep the 24 hour limit but set each bucket to timestamps within the same hour, issue this command:

db.createCollection(
    "weather24h",
    {
       timeseries: {
          timeField: "timestamp",
          metaField: "data",
          bucketMaxSpanSeconds: "3600",
          bucketRoundingSeconds: "3600"
       },
       expireAfterSeconds: 86400
    }
)

Create a Clustered Collection

The following create example adds a clustered collection named products:

db.runCommand( {
   create: "products",
   clusteredIndex: { "key": { _id: 1 }, "unique": true, "name": "products clustered key" }
} )

In the example, clusteredIndex specifies:

• "key": { _id: 1 }, which sets the clustered index key to the _id field.

• "unique": true, which indicates the clustered index key value must be unique.

• "name": "products clustered key", which sets the clustered index name.

Create a Collection with Change Stream Pre- and Post-Images for Documents

Starting in MongoDB 6.0, you can use change stream events to output the version of a document before and after changes (the document pre- and post-images):

• The pre-image is the document before it was replaced, updated, or deleted. There is no pre-image for an inserted document.

• The post-image is the document after it was inserted, replaced, or updated. There is no post-image for a deleted document.

• Enable changeStreamPreAndPostImages for a collection using db.createCollection(), create, or collMod.

The following example creates a collection that has changeStreamPreAndPostImages enabled:

db.runCommand( {
   create: "temperatureSensor",
   changeStreamPreAndPostImages: { enabled: true }
} )

Pre- and post-images are not available for a change stream event if the images were:

• Not enabled on the collection at the time of a document update or delete operation.

• Removed after the pre- and post-image retention time set in expireAfterSeconds.

  • The following example sets expireAfterSeconds to 100 seconds:

    use admin
    db.runCommand( {
       setClusterParameter:
          { changeStreamOptions: { preAndPostImages: { expireAfterSeconds: 100 } } }
    } )

  • The following example returns the current changeStreamOptions settings, including expireAfterSeconds:

    db.adminCommand( { getClusterParameter: "changeStreamOptions" } )

  • Setting expireAfterSeconds to off uses the default retention policy: pre- and post-images are retained until the corresponding change stream events are removed from the oplog.

  • If a change stream event is removed from the oplog, then the corresponding pre- and post-images are also deleted regardless of the expireAfterSeconds pre- and post-image retention time.

Additional considerations:

• Enabling pre- and post-images consumes storage space and adds processing time. Only enable pre- and post-images if you need them.

• Limit the change stream event size to less than 16 megabytes. To limit the event size, you can:

  • Limit the document size to 8 megabytes. You can request pre- and post-images simultaneously in the change stream output if other change stream event fields like updateDescription are not large.

  • Request only post-images in the change stream output for documents up to 16 megabytes if other change stream event fields like updateDescription are not large.

  • Request only pre-images in the change stream output for documents up to 16 megabytes if:

    • document updates affect only a small fraction of the document structure or content, and

    • do not cause a replace change event. A replace event always includes the post-image.

• To request a pre-image, you set fullDocumentBeforeChange to required or whenAvailable in db.collection.watch(). To request a post-image, you set fullDocument using the same method.

• Pre-images are written to the config.system.preimages collection.

  • The config.system.preimages collection may become large. To limit the collection size, you can set expireAfterSeconds time for the pre-images as shown earlier.

  • Pre-images are removed asynchronously by a background process.

Create a View

A view definition pipeline cannot include the $out or the $merge stage. This restriction also applies to embedded pipelines, such as pipelines used in $lookup or $facet stages.

To create a view using the create command, use the following syntax:

db.runCommand( { create: <view>, viewOn: <source>, pipeline: <pipeline> } )

or if specifying a collation:

db.runCommand( { create: <view>, viewOn: <source>, pipeline: <pipeline>, collation: <collation> } )

For example, create a survey collection with the following documents:

db.survey.insertMany(
   [
      { _id: 1, empNumber: "abc123", feedback: { management: 3, environment: 3 }, department: "A" },
      { _id: 2, empNumber: "xyz987", feedback: { management: 2, environment: 3 }, department: "B" },
      { _id: 3, empNumber: "ijk555", feedback: { management: 3, environment: 4 }, department: "A" }
   ]
)

The following operation creates a managementRatings view with the _id, feedback.management, and department fields:

db.runCommand ( {
   create: "managementFeedback",
   viewOn: "survey",
   pipeline: [ { $project: { "management": "$feedback.management", department: 1 } } ]
} )

Specify Collation

You can specify collation at the collection or view level. For example, the following operation creates a collection, specifying a collation for the collection (See Collation Document for descriptions of the collation fields):

db.runCommand ( {
   create: "myColl",
   collation: { locale: "fr" }
});

This collation will be used by indexes and operations that support collation unless they explicitly specify a different collation. For example, insert the following documents into myColl:

{ _id: 1, category: "café" }
{ _id: 2, category: "cafe" }
{ _id: 3, category: "cafE" }

The following operation uses the collection's collation:

db.myColl.find().sort( { category: 1 } )

The operation returns documents in the following order:

{ "_id" : 2, "category" : "cafe" }
{ "_id" : 3, "category" : "cafE" }
{ "_id" : 1, "category" : "café" }

The same operation on a collection that uses simple binary collation (i.e. no specific collation set) returns documents in the following order:

{ "_id" : 3, "category" : "cafE" }
{ "_id" : 2, "category" : "cafe" }
{ "_id" : 1, "category" : "café" }

Specify Storage Engine Options

You can specify collection-specific storage engine configuration options when you create a collection with db.createCollection(). Consider the following operation:

db.runCommand( {
    create: "users",
    storageEngine: { wiredTiger: { configString: "<option>=<setting>" } }
} )

This operation creates a new collection named users with a specific configuration string that MongoDB will pass to the wiredTiger storage engine. See the WiredTiger documentation of collection level options for specific wiredTiger options.