Workload Isolation in MongoDB DeploymentsMongoDB部署中的工作负载隔离

Operational Overview操作概述

MongoDB includes a number of features that allow database administrators and developers to isolate workload by functional or geographical groupings.MongoDB包含许多功能，允许数据库管理员和开发人员通过功能或地理分组来隔离工作负载。

This capability provides "data center awareness," which allows applications to target MongoDB deployments with consideration of the physical location of the mongod instances. 该功能提供了“数据中心感知”，允许应用程序针对MongoDB部署，同时考虑mongod实例的物理位置。MongoDB supports segmentation of operations across different dimensions, which may include multiple data centers and geographical regions in multi-data center deployments, racks, networks, or power circuits in single data center deployments.MongoDB支持跨不同维度的操作分割，可能包括多数据中心部署中的多个数据中心和地理区域，单个数据中心部署的机架、网络或电源电路。

MongoDB also supports workload isolation based on functional or operational parameters, to ensure that certain mongod instances are only used for reporting workloads or that certain high-frequency portions of a sharded collection only exist on specific shards.MongoDB还支持基于功能或操作参数的工作负载隔离，以确保某些mongod实例仅用于报告工作负载，或者确保分片集合的某些高频部分仅存在于特定的分片上。

Specifically, with MongoDB, you can:具体来说，使用MongoDB，您可以：

• ensure write operations propagate to specific members of a replica set, or to specific members of replica sets.确保写入操作传播到副本集的特定成员或副本集的具体成员。
• ensure that specific members of a replica set respond to queries.确保副本集的特定成员响应查询。
• ensure that specific ranges of your shard key balance onto and reside on specific shards.确保分片键的特定范围平衡到特定分片上并驻留在特定分片上。
• combine the above features in a single distributed deployment, on a per-operation (for read and write operations) and collection (for chunk distribution in sharded clusters distribution) basis.在单个分布式部署中，基于每个操作（用于读写操作）和集合（用于分片集群分布中的区块分布），将上述功能组合在一起。

For full documentation of these features, see the following documentation in the MongoDB Manual:有关这些功能的完整文档，请参阅MongoDB手册中的以下文档：

• Read Preferences, which controls how drivers help applications target read operations to members of a replica set.读取首选项，它控制驱动程序如何帮助应用程序将读取操作定向到副本集的成员。
• Write Concerns, which controls how MongoDB ensures that write operations propagate to members of a replica set.写入关注，它控制MongoDB如何确保写入操作传播到副本集的成员。
• Replica Set Tags, which control how applications create and interact with custom groupings of replica set members to create custom application-specific read preferences and write concerns.副本集标记，用于控制应用程序如何创建副本集成员的自定义分组并与之交互，以创建特定于应用程序的自定义读取首选项和写入关注。
• Zones in sharded clusters, which allows MongoDB administrators to create zones that represent a group of shards and associate one or more ranges of shard key values to these zones. 分片集群中的区域，允许MongoDB管理员创建代表一组分片的区域，并将一个或多个分片键值范围与这些区域关联。You can associate each zone with one or more shards in the cluster. 您可以将每个区域与集群中的一个或多个分片相关联。A shard can associate with any number of zones. 分片可以与任意数量的区域关联。In a balanced cluster, MongoDB directs reads and writes covered by a zone only to the shards inside the zone.在一个平衡的集群中，MongoDB只将区域覆盖的读写定向到区域内的分片。