$elemMatch (query)

Element Match元素匹配

Given the following documents in the scores collection:给定scores集合中的以下文件：

{ _id: 1, results: [ 82, 85, 88 ] }
{ _id: 2, results: [ 75, 88, 89 ] }

The following query matches only those documents where the results array contains at least one element that is both greater than or equal to 80 and is less than 85:以下查询仅匹配那些results数组至少包含一个大于或等于80且小于85的元素的文档：

db.scores.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { $gte: 80, $lt: 85 } } }
)

The query returns the following document since the element 82 is both greater than or equal to 80 and is less than 85:由于元素82大于或等于80且小于85，因此查询返回以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "results" : [ 82, 85, 88 ] }

For more information on specifying multiple criteria on array elements, see Specify Multiple Conditions for Array Elements.有关在数组元素上指定多个条件的详细信息，请参阅指定数组元素的多个条件。

Array of Embedded Documents嵌入式文档数组

This statement inserts documents into the survey collection:此语句将文档插入survey集合：

db.survey.insertMany( [
   { "_id": 1, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 10 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 5 } ] },
   { "_id": 2, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 8 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 7 } ] },
   { "_id": 3, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 7 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 8 } ] },
   { "_id": 4, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 7 },
                            { "product": "def", "score": 8 } ] }
] )

The following query matches only those documents where the results array contains at least one element with both product equal to "xyz" and score greater than or equal to 8:以下查询仅匹配那些results数组至少包含一个product等于"xyz"且score大于或等于8的元素的文档：

db.survey.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { product: "xyz", score: { $gte: 8 } } } }
)

Specifically, the query matches the following document:具体而言，查询匹配以下文档：

{ "_id" : 3, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 8 } ] }

Single Query Condition单一查询条件

If you specify a single query predicate in the $elemMatch expression, and are not using the $not or $ne operators inside of $elemMatch, $elemMatch can be omitted.如果在$elemMatch表达式中指定了一个查询谓词，并且在$elematch中未使用$not或$ne运算符，则可以省略$elematch。

The following examples return the same documents.以下示例返回相同的文档。

With $elemMatch:使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { product: "xyz" } } }
)

Without $elemMatch:没有$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results.product": "xyz" }
)

However, if your $elemMatch expression contains the $not or $ne operators then omitting the $elemMatch expression changes the documents returned.但是，如果$elemMatch表达式包含$not或$ne运算符，则省略$elematch表达式会更改返回的文档。

The following examples return different documents.以下示例返回不同的文档。

With $elemMatch:使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results": { $elemMatch: { product: { $ne: "xyz" } } } }
)

Without $elemMatch:没有$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results.product": { $ne: "xyz" } }
)

With $elemMatch, the first query returns these documents:使用$elemMatch，第一个查询将返回以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 10 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 5 } ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 8 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 7 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 8 } ] }
{ "_id" : 4, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "def", "score" : 8 } ] }

Without $elemMatch, the second query returns this document:如果没有$elemMatch，第二个查询将返回以下文档：

{ "_id" : 4, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "def", "score" : 8 } ] }

The first query returns the documents where any product in the results array is not "xyz". The second query returns the documents where all of the products in the results array are not "xyz".第一个查询返回results数组中有一个product不是"xyz"的文档。第二个查询返回results数组中所有product都不是"xyz"的文档。