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$position

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Definition定义

$position

The $position modifier specifies the location in the array at which the $push operator inserts elements. $position修饰符指定$push运算符在数组中插入元素的位置。Without the $position modifier, the $push operator inserts elements to the end of the array. 如果没有$position修饰符，$push运算符会将元素插入到数组的末尾。See $push modifiers for more information.有关详细信息，请参阅$push修饰符。

To use the $position modifier, it must appear with the $each modifier.要使用$position修饰符，它必须与$each修饰符一起出现。

{
  $push: {
    <field>: {
       $each: [ <value1>, <value2>, ... ],
       $position: <num>
    }
  }
}

<num> indicates the position in the array, based on a zero-based array index (position):<num>表示数组中的位置，基于从零开始的数组索引（位置）：

  • A non-negative number corresponds to the position in the array, starting from the beginning of the array. 非负数对应于数组中的位置，从数组的开头开始。If the value of <num> is greater or equal to the length of the array, the $position modifier has no effect and $push adds elements to the end of the array.如果<num>的值大于或等于数组的长度，则$position修饰符无效，$push将元素添加到数组的末尾。
  • A negative number corresponds to the position in the array, counting from (but not including) the last element of the array. 负数对应于数组中的位置，从数组的最后一个元素开始计数（但不包括）。For example, -1 indicates the position just before the last element in the array. 例如，-1表示数组中最后一个元素之前的位置。If you specify multiple elements in the $each array, the last added element is in the specified position from the end. 如果在$each数组中指定多个元素，则最后添加的元素位于从末尾开始的指定位置。If the absolute value of <num> is greater than or equal to the length of the array, the $push adds elements to the beginning of the array.如果<num>的绝对值大于或等于数组的长度，$push会将元素添加到数组的开头。

Behavior行为

Starting in MongoDB 5.0, update operators process document fields with string-based names in lexicographic order. Fields with numeric names are processed in numeric order. 从MongoDB 5.0开始，更新运算符按照字典顺序处理具有基于字符串的名称的文档字段。具有数字名称的字段按数字顺序处理。See Update Operators Behavior for details.有关详细信息，请参阅更新运算符行为。

Examples实例

Add Elements at the Start of the Array在数组的开头添加元素

Create the students collection:创建students集合：

db.students.insertOne( { "_id" : 1, "scores" : [ 100 ] } )

The following operation updates the scores field to add the elements 50, 60 and 70 to the beginning of the array:以下操作更新scores字段，将元素50、60和70添加到数组的开头：

db.students.updateOne(
   { _id: 1 },
   {
     $push: {
        scores: {
           $each: [ 50, 60, 70 ],
           $position: 0
        }
     }
   }
)

The operation results in the following updated document:该操作生成以下更新文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "scores" : [  50,  60,  70,  100 ] }

Add Elements to the Middle of the Array将元素添加到数组的中间

Add a document to the students collection:将文档添加到students集合：

db.students.insertOne( { "_id" : 2, "scores" : [  50,  60,  70,  100 ] } )

The following operation updates the scores field to add the elements 20 and 30 at the array index (position) of 2:以下操作更新scores字段以在数组索引（位置）为2处添加元素20和30：

db.students.updateOne(
   { _id: 2 },
   {
     $push: {
        scores: {
           $each: [ 20, 30 ],
           $position: 2
        }
     }
   }
)

The operation results in the following updated document:该操作生成以下更新文档：

{ "_id" : 2, "scores" : [  50,  60,  20,  30,  70,  100 ] }

Use a Negative Array Index (Position) to Add Elements to the Array使用负数组索引（位置）将元素添加到数组

$position can accept a negative array index (position) value to indicate the position starting from the end, counting from (but not including) the last element of the array. 可以接受负数组索引（位置）值，以指示从末尾开始的位置，从数组的最后一个元素开始计数（但不包括）。For example, -1 indicates the position just before the last element in the array.例如，-1表示数组中最后一个元素之前的位置。

Add the following document to the students collection:将以下文档添加到students集合中：

db.students.insertOne(
   { "_id" : 3, "scores" : [  50,  60,  20,  30,  70,  100 ] }
)

The following operation specifies -2 for the $position to add 90 at the position two places before the last element, and then 80 at the position two places before the last element.下面的操作为$position指定-2，在最后一个元素前两位的位置加90，然后在最后一元素前两位置的位置加80。

Important

With a negative array index (position), if you specify multiple elements in the $each array, the last added element is in the specified position from the end.对于负数组索引（位置），如果在$each数组中指定多个元素，则最后添加的元素位于从末尾开始的指定位置。

db.students.updateOne(
   { _id: 3 },
   {
     $push: {
        scores: {
           $each: [ 90, 80 ],
           $position: -2
        }
     }
   }
)

The operation results in the following updated document:该操作生成以下更新文档：

{ "_id" : 3, "scores" : [ 50, 60, 20, 30, 90, 80, 70, 100 ] }