$ (update)

upsert

Do not use the positional operator $ with upsert operations because inserts will use the $ as a field name in the inserted document.不要在upsert操作中使用位置运算符$，因为插入操作将使用$作为插入文档中的字段名。

Nested Arrays嵌套数组

The positional $ operator cannot be used for queries which traverse more than one array, such as queries that traverse arrays nested within other arrays, because the replacement for the $ placeholder is a single value位置$运算符不能用于遍历多个数组的查询，例如遍历嵌套在其他数组中的数组的查询。因为$占位符的替换为单个值

Unsets

When used with the $unset operator, the positional $ operator does not remove the matching element from the array but rather sets it to null.与$unset运算符一起使用时，位置$运算符不会从数组中删除匹配元素，而是将其设置为null。

Negations否定

If the query matches the array using a negation operator, such as $ne, $not, or $nin, then you cannot use the positional operator to update values from this array.如果查询使用否定运算符（如$ne、$not或$nin）与数组匹配，则不能使用位置运算符更新此数组中的值。

However, if the negated portion of the query is inside of an $elemMatch expression, then you can use the positional operator to update this field.但是，如果查询的否定部分在$elemMatch表达式内部，则可以使用位置运算符来更新此字段。

Multiple Array Matches多个数组匹配

The positional $ update operator behaves ambiguously when filtering on multiple array fields.在对多个数组字段进行筛选时，位置$更新运算符的行为不明确。

When the server executes an update method, it first runs a query to determine which documents you want to update. 当服务器执行更新方法时，它首先运行一个查询来确定要更新哪些文档。If the update filters documents on multiple array fields, the subsequent call to the positional $ update operator doesn't always update the required position in the array.如果更新筛选了多个数组字段上的文档，那么对位置$更新运算符的后续调用并不总是更新数组中所需的位置。

For more information, see the example.有关详细信息，请参阅示例。

Update Values in an Array更新数组中的值

Create a collection students with the following documents:使用以下文档创建students集合：

db.students.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "grades" : [ 85, 80, 80 ] },
   { "_id" : 2, "grades" : [ 88, 90, 92 ] },
   { "_id" : 3, "grades" : [ 85, 100, 90 ] }
] )

To update the first element whose value is 80 to 82 in the in the grades array, use the positional $ operator if you do not know the position of the element in the array:要将grades数组中值为80第一个元素更新为82，如果您不知道该元素在数组中的位置，请使用位置$运算符：

db.students.updateOne(
   { _id: 1, grades: 80 },
   { $set: { "grades.$" : 82 } }
)

The positional $ operator acts as a placeholder for the first match of the update query document.位置$运算符充当更新query文档的第一个匹配项的占位符。

After the operation, the students collection contains the following documents:操作后，students集合包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "grades" : [ 85, 82, 80 ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "grades" : [ 88, 90, 92 ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "grades" : [ 85, 100, 90 ] }

Update Documents in an Array更新数组中的文档

The positional $ operator facilitates updates to arrays that contain embedded documents. 位置$运算符便于更新包含嵌入文档的数组。Use the positional $ operator to access the fields in the embedded documents with the dot notation on the $ operator.使用位置$运算符访问嵌入文档中的字段，并在$运算符上使用点符号。

db.collection.updateOne(
   { <query selector> },
   { <update operator>: { "array.$.field" : value } }
)

Consider the following document in the students collection whose grades element value is an array of embedded documents:考虑students集合中的以下文档，其grades元素值是嵌入文档的数组：

{
  _id: 4,
  grades: [
     { grade: 80, mean: 75, std: 8 },
     { grade: 85, mean: 90, std: 5 },
     { grade: 85, mean: 85, std: 8 }
  ]
}

Use the positional $ operator to update the std field of the first array element that matches the grade equal to 85 condition:使用位置$运算符更新第一个数组元素的std字段，该字段与grade等于85的条件相匹配：

db.students.updateOne(
   { _id: 4, "grades.grade": 85 },
   { $set: { "grades.$.std" : 6 } }
)

After the operation, the document has the following updated values:操作后，文档具有以下更新值：

{
   "_id" : 4,
   "grades" : [
      { "grade" : 80, "mean" : 75, "std" : 8 },
      { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 90, "std" : 6 },
      { "grade" : 85, "mean" : 85, "std" : 8 }
   ]
}

Update Embedded Documents Using Multiple Field Matches使用多个字段匹配更新嵌入文档

The $ operator can update the first array element that matches multiple query criteria specified with the $elemMatch operator.$运算符可以更新与$elemMatch运算符指定的多个查询条件匹配的第一个数组元素。

Consider the following document in the students collection whose grades field value is an array of embedded documents:考虑students集合中的以下文档，其grades字段值是嵌入文档的数组：

{
  _id: 5,
  grades: [
     { grade: 80, mean: 75, std: 8 },
     { grade: 85, mean: 90, std: 5 },
     { grade: 90, mean: 85, std: 3 }
  ]
}

In the example below, the $ operator updates the value of the std field in the first embedded document that has grade field with a value less than or equal to 90 and a mean field with a value greater than 80:在下面的示例中，$运算符更新第一个嵌入文档中std字段的值，该文档的grades字段的值小于或等于90，mean字段的值大于80：

db.students.updateOne(
   {
     _id: 5,
     grades: { $elemMatch: { grade: { $lte: 90 }, mean: { $gt: 80 } } }
   },
   { $set: { "grades.$.std" : 6 } }
)

This operation updates the first embedded document that matches the criteria, namely the second embedded document in the array:此操作更新与条件匹配的第一个嵌入文档，即数组中的第二个嵌入文档：

{
  _id: 5,
  grades: [
    { grade: 80, mean: 75, std: 8 },
    { grade: 85, mean: 90, std: 6 },
    { grade: 90, mean: 85, std: 3 }
  ]
}

Update with Multiple Array Matches使用多个数组匹配进行更新

The positional $ update operator behaves ambiguously when the query has multiple array fields to filter documents in the collection.当查询具有多个数组字段以筛选集合中的文档时，位置$更新运算符的行为不明确。

Consider a document in the students_deans_list collection, which holds arrays of student information:考虑students_deans_list集合中的一个文档，该文档包含学生信息的数组：

db.students_deans_list.insertMany( [
   {
      _id: 8,
      activity_ids: [ 1, 2 ],
      grades: [ 90, 95 ],
      deans_list: [ 2021, 2020 ]
   }
] )

In the following example, the user attempts to modify the deans_list field, filtering documents using the activity_ids, deans_list, and grades fields, and updating the 2021 value in the deans_list field to 2022:在以下示例中，用户尝试修改deans_list字段，使用activity_ids、deans_list和grades字段筛选文档，并将deans_list字段中的值2021更新为2022：

db.students_deans_list.updateOne(
   { activity_ids: 1, grades: 95, deans_list: 2021 },
   { $set: { "deans_list.$": 2022 } }
)

When the server executes the updateOne method above, it filters the available documents using values in the supplied array fields. 当服务器执行上面的updateOne方法时，它会使用提供的数组字段中的值来筛选可用文档。Although the deans_list field is used in the filter, it is not the field used by the positional $ update operator to determine which position in the array to update:尽管deans_list字段在筛选器中使用，但它不是位置$更新运算符用来确定要更新数组中哪个位置的字段：

db.students_deans_list.find( { _id: 8 } )

Example output:示例输出：

{
   _id: 8,
   activity_ids: [ 1, 2 ],
   grades: [ 90, 95 ],
   deans_list: [ 2021, 2022 ]
}

The updateOne method matched the deans_list field on 2021, but the positional $ update operator instead changed the 2020 value to 2022.updateOne方法与deans_list字段在2021上匹配，但位置$更新运算符将2020值改为2022。

To avoid unexpected results when matching on multiple arrays, instead use the filtered positional operator $[<identifier>].为了避免在多个数组上匹配时出现意外结果，请改用筛选后的位置运算符$[<identifier>]。