Install MongoDB Community Edition on Debian
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Overview
Use this tutorial to install MongoDB 7.0 Community Edition using the apt package manager.
MongoDB Version
This tutorial installs MongoDB 7.0 Community Edition. To install a different version of MongoDB Community, use the version drop-down menu in the upper-left corner of this page to select the documentation for that version.
Considerations
Platform Support
MongoDB 7.0 Community Edition supports the following 64-bit Debian releases on x86_64 architecture:
- Debian 12 "Bookworm"
- Debian 11 "Bullseye"
MongoDB only supports the 64-bit versions of these platforms.
See Platform Support for more information.
Production Notes
Before deploying MongoDB in a production environment, consider the Production Notes document which offers performance considerations and configuration recommendations for production MongoDB deployments.
Official MongoDB Packages
To install MongoDB Community on your Debian system, these instructions will use the official mongodb-org package, which is maintained and supported by MongoDB Inc. The official mongodb-org package always contains the latest version of MongoDB, and is available from its own dedicated repo.
The mongodb package provided by Debian is not
maintained by MongoDB Inc. and conflicts with the official mongodb-org package. If you have already installed the mongodb package on your Debian system, you must first uninstall the mongodb package before proceeding with these instructions.
See MongoDB Community Edition Packages for the complete list of official packages.
Install MongoDB Community Edition
Follow these steps to install MongoDB Community Edition using the apt package manager.
Import the public key used by the package management system.
From a terminal, install gnupg and curl if they are not already available:
sudo apt-get install gnupg curl
Issue the following command to import the MongoDB public GPG Key from https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-7.0.asc:
curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-7.0.asc | \
sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg \
--dearmor
Install the MongoDB packages.
You can install either the latest stable version of MongoDB or a specific version of MongoDB.
Optional. Although you can specify any available version of MongoDB, apt-get will upgrade the packages when a newer version becomes available. To prevent unintended upgrades, you can pin the package at the currently installed version:
echo "mongodb-org hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-database hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-server hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-mongosh hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-mongos hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-tools hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
Run MongoDB Community Edition
ulimit Considerations
Most Unix-like operating systems limit the system resources that a process may use. These limits may negatively impact MongoDB operation, and should be adjusted. See UNIX ulimit Settings for the recommended settings for your platform.
Starting in MongoDB 4.4, a startup error is generated if the ulimit value for number of open files is under 64000.
Directories
By default, a MongoDB instance stores:
- its data files in
/var/lib/mongodb - its log files in
/var/log/mongodb
If you installed via the package manager, these default directories are created during the installation.
If you installed manually by downloading the tarballs, you can create the directories using mkdir -p <directory> or sudo mkdir -p <directory> depending on the user that will run MongoDB. (See your linux man pages for information on mkdir and sudo.)
By default, MongoDB runs using the mongodb user account. If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you must also modify the permission to the /var/lib/mongodb and /var/log/mongodb directories to give this user access to these directories.
To specify a different log file directory and data file directory, edit the systemLog.path and storage.dbPath settings in the /etc/mongod.conf. Ensure that the user running MongoDB has access to these directories.
Procedure
Follow these steps to run MongoDB Community Edition on your system. These instructions assume that you are using the official mongodb-org package -- not the unofficial mongodb package provided by Debian -- and are using the default settings.
Init System
To run and manage your mongod process, you will be using your operating system's built-in init system. Recent versions of Linux tend to use systemd (which uses the systemctl command), while older versions of Linux tend to use System V init (which uses the service command).
If you are unsure which init system your platform uses, run the following command:
ps --no-headers -o comm 1
Then select the appropriate tab below based on the result:
systemd- select the systemd (systemctl) tab below.init- select the System V Init (service) tab below.
Uninstall MongoDB Community Edition
To completely remove MongoDB from a system, you must remove the MongoDB applications themselves, the configuration files, and any directories containing data and logs. The following section guides you through the necessary steps.
This process will completely remove MongoDB, its configuration, and all databases. This process is not reversible, so ensure that all of your configuration and data is backed up before proceeding.
Stop MongoDB.
Stop the mongod process by issuing the following command:
sudo service mongod stop
Additional Information
Localhost Binding by Default
By default, MongoDB launches with bindIp set to 127.0.0.1, which binds to the localhost network interface. This means that the mongod can only accept connections from clients that are running on the same machine. Remote clients will not be able to connect to the mongod, and the mongod will not be able to initialize a replica set unless this value is set to a valid network interface.
This value can be configured either:
Before you bind your instance to a publicly-accessible IP address, you must secure your cluster from unauthorized access. For a complete list of security recommendations, see Security Checklist. At minimum, consider enabling authentication and hardening network infrastructure.
For more information on configuring bindIp, see IP Binding.
MongoDB Community Edition Packages
MongoDB Community Edition is available from its own dedicated repository, and contains the following officially-supported packages:
| Package Name | Description | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mongodb-org | A metapackage that automatically installs the component packages listed below. | ||||||
mongodb-org-database | A metapackage that automatically installs the component packages listed below.
| ||||||
mongodb-mongosh | Contains the MongoDB Shell (mongosh). | ||||||
mongodb-org-tools | A metapackage that automatically installs the component packages listed below:
|