Database Manual / Reference / mongosh Methods / Object Constructors

Date() and Datetime和日期时间 (mongosh method方法)

Date()

Returns a date either as a string or as a Date object. The date can contain a date and a time, known as a datetime.以字符串或Date对象的形式返回日期。日期可以包含日期和时间,称为日期时间。

The BSON specification states a Date object contains the UTC datetime. UTC is Coordinated Universal Time. BSON规范规定Date对象包含UTC日期时间。UTC是协调世界时。The UTC datetime stores an unsigned 64-bit integer value, indicating the number of milliseconds after the Unix epoch (January 1st, 1970 at 00:00:00 UTC).UTC日期时间存储一个无符号的64位整数值,表示Unix纪元(1970年1月1日00:00:00 UTC)后的毫秒数。

Compatibility兼容性

You can use Date() for deployments hosted in the following environments:您可以将Date()用于在以下环境中托管的部署:

  • MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud:云中MongoDB部署的完全托管服务
  • MongoDB Enterprise: The subscription-based, self-managed version of MongoDB:MongoDB的基于订阅的自我管理版本
  • MongoDB Community: The source-available, free-to-use, and self-managed version of MongoDB:MongoDB的源代码可用、免费使用和自我管理版本

Syntax语法

You can specify either of the following formats:您可以指定以下格式之一:

  • Date() returns the current date as a string in mongosh.Date()mongosh字符串形式返回当前日期。
  • new Date() returns the current date as a Date object. 将当前日期作为Date对象返回。mongosh wraps the Date object with the ISODate helper. mongoshISODate辅助程序包装Date对象。The ISODate is in UTC.ISODate采用UTC

You can specify a particular date by passing an ISO-8601 date string with a year within the inclusive range 0 through 9999 to the new Date() constructor or the ISODate() function. These functions accept the following formats:您可以通过将一个年份在09999范围内的ISO-8601日期字符串传递给新的date()构造函数或ISODate()函数来指定特定日期。这些函数接受以下格式:

  • new Date("<YYYY-mm-dd>") returns the ISODate with the specified date.返回具有指定日期的ISODate
  • new Date("<YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:ss.sss>") specifies the datetime in the client's local timezone and returns the ISODate with the specified datetime in UTC. 指定客户端本地时区中的日期时间,并返回具有指定UTC日期时间的ISODatess.sss specifies seconds (ss) and milliseconds (.sss). Milliseconds are set to 0 if omitted.指定秒(ss)和毫秒(sss)。如果省略,毫秒设置为0
  • new Date("<YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:ss.sssZ>") specifies the datetime in UTC and returns the ISODate with the specified datetime in UTC. 指定UTC格式的日期时间,并返回具有UTC格式的指定日期时间的ISODatess.sss specifies seconds (ss) and milliseconds (.sss). Milliseconds are set to 0 if omitted.指定秒(ss)和毫秒(.sss)。如果省略,毫秒设置为0
  • new Date(<integer>) specifies the datetime as milliseconds since the UNIX epoch (Jan 1, 1970), and returns the resulting ISODate instance.将日期时间指定为自UNIX纪元(1970年1月1日)以来的毫秒,并返回结果ISODate实例。

Behavior行为

Internally, Date objects are stored as a signed 64-bit integer representing the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970).在内部,Date对象存储为一个有符号的64位整数,表示自Unix纪元(1970年1月1日)以来的毫秒数。

Not all database operations and drivers support the full 64-bit range. You may safely work with dates with years within the inclusive range 0 through 9999.并非所有数据库操作和驱动程序都支持完整的64位范围。您可以安全地使用09999之间包含年份的日期。

Examples示例

Use Date in a Query在查询中使用日期

If no document with _id equal to 1 exists in the products collection, the following operation inserts a document with the field dateAdded set to the current date:如果products集合中不存在_id等于1的文档,则以下操作将插入一个字段dateAdded设置为当前日期的文档:

db.products.updateOne(
{ _id: 1 },
{
$set: { item: "apple" },
$setOnInsert: { dateAdded: new Date() }
},
{ upsert: true }
)

Tip

Return Date as a String返回日期为字符串

To return the date as a string, use the Date() method. For example:要以字符串形式返回日期,请使用date()方法。例如:

var myDateString = Date();

Return Date as Date Object返回日期作为Date对象

mongosh wraps objects of Date type with the ISODate helper. 使用ISODate辅助程序包装Date类型的对象。However, the objects are Date types.但是,这些对象是Date类型。

The following example uses new Date() to return a Date object with the specified UTC datetime:以下示例使用new Date()返回具有指定UTC日期时间的Date对象:

var myDate = new Date("2016-05-18T16:00:00Z");

Insert and Return ISODate Objects插入并返回ISODate对象

You can specify dates as ISODate objects.您可以将日期指定为ISODate对象。

The following example creates a cakeSales collection with ISODate objects in the orderDate field:以下示例在orderDate字段中创建了一个包含ISODate对象的cakeSales集合:

db.cakeSales.insertMany( [
{ _id: 0, type: "chocolate", orderDate: new ISODate("2020-05-18T14:10:30.123Z") },
{ _id: 1, type: "strawberry", orderDate: new ISODate("2021-03-20T11:30:05Z") },
{ _id: 2, type: "vanilla", orderDate: new ISODate("2021-01-15T06:31:15.456Z") }
] )

The following example returns documents where the orderDate is less than the ISODate specified in the $lt operator:以下示例返回orderDate小于$lt运算符中指定的ISODate的文档:

db.cakeSales.find( { orderDate: { $lt: ISODate("2021-02-25T10:03:46.234Z") } } )

Example output:示例输出:

[
{
_id: 0,
type: 'chocolate',
orderDate: ISODate("2020-05-18T14:10:30.123Z")
},
{
_id: 2,
type: 'vanilla',
orderDate: ISODate("2021-01-15T06:31:15.456Z")
}
]