Database Manual / Reference / Query Language / Expressions

$and (expression operator)(表达式运算符)

Definition定义

$and

Evaluates one or more expressions and returns true if all of the expressions are true or if run with no argument expressions. Otherwise, $and returns false.计算一个或多个表达式,如果所有表达式都为true,或者在没有参数表达式的情况下运行,则返回true。否则,$and返回false

$and syntax:语法:

{ $and: [ <expression1>, <expression2>, ... ] }

For more information on expressions, see Expressions.有关表达式的详细信息,请参阅表达式

Behavior行为

In addition to the false boolean value, $and evaluates as false the following: null, 0, and undefined values. 除了false布尔值外,$and还将以下值计算为falsenull、0和undefined值。The $and evaluates all other values as true, including non-zero numeric values and arrays.$and将所有其他值(包括非零数值和数组)计算为true

Example示例Result结果
{ $and: [ 1, "green" ] }true
{ $and: [ ] }true
{ $and: [ [ null ], [ false ], [ 0 ] ] }true
{ $and: [ null, true ] }false
{ $and: [ 0, true ] }false

Error Handling错误处理

To allow the query engine to optimize queries, $and handles errors as follows:为了允许查询引擎优化查询,$and按如下方式处理错误:

  • If any expression supplied to $and would cause an error when evaluated alone, the $and containing the expression may cause an error but an error is not guaranteed.如果提供给$and的任何表达式在单独计算时都会导致错误,则包含该表达式的$and可能会导致错误但不能保证会发生错误。
  • An expression supplied after the first expression supplied to $and may cause an error even if the first expression evaluates to false.在提供给$and的第一个表达式之后提供的表达式,即使第一个表达式的计算结果为false,也可能导致错误。

For example, the following query always produces an error if $x is 0:例如,如果$x0,则以下查询总是会产生错误:

db.example.find( {
$expr: { $eq: [ { $divide: [ 1, "$x" ] }, 3 ] }
} )

The following query, which contains multiple expressions supplied to $and, may produce an error if there is any document where $x is 0:以下查询包含提供给$and的多个表达式,如果存在任何$x为0的文档,则可能会产生错误:

db.example.find( {
$and: [
{ x: { $ne: 0 } },
{ $expr: { $eq: [ { $divide: [ 1, "$x" ] }, 3 ] } }
]
} )

Example示例

Create an example inventory collection with these documents:使用以下文档创建示例inventory集合:

db.inventory.insertMany([
{ _id: 1, item: "abc1", description: "product 1", qty: 300 },
{ _id: 2, item: "abc2", description: "product 2", qty: 200 },
{ _id: 3, item: "xyz1", description: "product 3", qty: 250 },
{ _id: 4, item: "VWZ1", description: "product 4", qty: 300 },
{ _id: 5, item: "VWZ2", description: "product 5", qty: 180 }
])

This operation uses the $and operator to determine if qty is greater than 100 and less than 250:此操作使用$and运算符来确定qty是否大于100且小于250

db.inventory.aggregate(
[
{
$project:
{
item: 1,
qty: 1,
result: { $and: [ { $gt: [ "$qty", 100 ] }, { $lt: [ "$qty", 250 ] } ] }
}
}
]
)

The operation returns these results:该操作返回以下结果:

{ _id: 1, item: "abc1", qty: 300, result: false }
{ _id: 2, item: "abc2", qty: 200, result: true }
{ _id: 3, item: "xyz1", qty: 250, result: false }
{ _id: 4, item: "VWZ1", qty: 300, result: false }
{ _id: 5, item: "VWZ2", qty: 180, result: true }