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Update Documents更新文档

The MongoDB shell provides the following methods to update documents in a collection:MongoDB shell提供了以下方法来更新集合中的文档：

The examples on this page reference the Atlas sample dataset. You can create a free Atlas cluster and populate that cluster with sample data to follow along with these examples. To learn more, see Get Started with Atlas.本页上的示例引用了Atlas示例数据集。您可以创建一个免费的Atlas集群，并用示例数据填充该集群，以遵循这些示例。要了解更多信息，请参阅Atlas入门。

Update Operator Syntax更新运算符语法

To update a document, MongoDB provides update operators, such as $set, to modify field values.为了更新文档，MongoDB提供了更新运算符（如$set）来修改字段值。

To use the update operators, pass to the update methods an update document of the form:要使用更新运算符，请将以下格式的更新文档传递给更新方法：

{
  <update operator>: { <field1>: <value1>, ... },
  <update operator>: { <field2>: <value2>, ... },
  ...
}

Some update operators, such as $set, create the field if the field does not exist. See the individual update operator reference for details.如果字段不存在，则某些更新运算符（如$set）会创建该字段。有关详细信息，请参阅个人更新运算符参考。

Update a Single Document更新单个文档

Use the db.collection.updateOne() method to update the first document that matches a specified filter.使用db.collection.updateOne()方法更新与指定筛选器匹配的第一个文档。

Note

MongoDB preserves a natural sort order for documents. This ordering is an internal implementation feature, and you should not rely on any particular structure within it. To learn more, see natural order.MongoDB保留了文档的自然排序顺序。这种排序是一种内部实现特性，您不应该依赖其中的任何特定结构。要了解更多信息，请参阅自然顺序。

Example示例

To update the first document in the sample_mflix.movies collection where title equals "Twilight":要更新sample_mflix.movies集合中title等于"Twilight"（《暮光之城》）的第一个文档：

use sample_mflix

db.movies.updateOne( { title: "Twilight" },
{
  $set: {
    plot: "A teenage girl risks everything–including her life–when she falls in love with a vampire."
  },
  $currentDate: { lastUpdated: true }
})

The update operation:更新操作：

  • Uses the $set operator to update the value of the plot field for the movie Twilight.使用$set运算符更新电影"Twilight"《暮光之城》的plot（情节）字段值。

  • Uses the $currentDate operator to update the value of the lastUpdated field to the current date. 使用$currentDate运算符将lastUpdated字段的值更新为当前日期。If lastUpdated field does not exist, $currentDate will create the field. See $currentDate for details.如果lastUpdated字段不存在，则$currentDate将创建该字段。有关详细信息，请参阅$currentDate。

Update Multiple Documents更新多个文档

Use the db.collection.updateMany() to update all documents that match a specified filter.使用db.collection.updateMany()更新与指定筛选器匹配的所有文档。

Example示例

To update all documents in the sample_airbnb.listingsAndReviews collection to update where security_deposit is less than 100:要更新sample_airbnb.listingsAndReviews集合中的所有文档，以更新security_deposit小于100的地方：

use sample_airbnb

db.listingsAndReviews.updateMany(
  { security_deposit: { $lt: 100 } },
  {
    $set: { security_deposit: 100, minimum_nights: 1 }
  }
)

The update operation uses the $set operator to update the value of the security_deposit field to 100 and the value of the minimum_nights field to 1.更新操作使用$set运算符将security_deposit字段的值更新为100，将minimum_nights字段的值修改为1。

Replace a Document替换文档

To replace the entire content of a document except for the _id field, pass an entirely new document as the second argument to db.collection.replaceOne().要替换文档中除_id字段外的全部内容，请将一个全新的文档作为第二个参数传递给db.collection.replaceOne()。

When replacing a document, the replacement document must contain only field/value pairs. Do not include update operators expressions.替换文档时，替换文档必须仅包含字段/值对。不包括更新运算符表达式。

The replacement document can have different fields from the original document. In the replacement document, you can omit the _id field since the _id field is immutable; however, if you do include the _id field, it must have the same value as the current value.替换文档可以具有与原始文档不同的字段。在替换文档中，您可以省略_id字段，因为_id字段是不可变的；但是，如果确实包含_id字段，则其值必须与当前值相同。

Example示例

To replace the first document from the sample_analytics.accounts collection where account_id: 371138:要替换sample_analytics.accounts集合中account_id: 371138的第一个文档，请执行以下操作：

db.accounts.replaceOne(
  { account_id: 371138 },
  { account_id: 893421, limit: 5000, products: [ "Investment", "Brokerage" ] }
)

Run the following command to read your updated document:运行以下命令以读取更新的文档：

db.accounts.findOne( { account_id: 893421 } )

Update Behavior更新行为

To learn more about the specific behavior of updating documents, see Behavior.要了解有关更新文档的具体行为的更多信息，请参阅行为。

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