Database Manual / Reference / mongosh Methods / Bulk Operations

Bulk.find.upsert() (mongosh method方法)

Tip

MongoDB also provides the Mongo.bulkWrite() method for performing bulk write operations.MongoDB还提供了Mongo.bulkWrite()方法来执行批量写入操作。

Description描述

Bulk.find.upsert()

Sets the upsert option to true for an update or a replacement operation and has the following syntax:将更新或替换操作的upsert选项设置为true，语法如下：

Bulk.find(<query>).upsert().update(<update>);
Bulk.find(<query>).upsert().updateOne(<update>);
Bulk.find(<query>).upsert().replaceOne(<replacement>);

With the upsert option set to true, if no matching documents exist for the Bulk.find() condition, then the update or the replacement operation performs an insert. If a matching document does exist, then the update or replacement operation performs the specified update or replacement.将upsert选项设置为true后，如果不存在符合Bulkfind()条件的匹配文档，则更新或替换操作将执行插入。如果匹配的文档确实存在，则更新或替换操作将执行指定的更新或替换。

Use Bulk.find.upsert() with the following write operations:将Bulk.find.upsert()与以下写入操作一起使用：

Compatibility兼容性

This command is available in deployments hosted in the following environments:此命令在以下环境中托管的部署中可用：

  • MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud：云中MongoDB部署的完全托管服务

Note

This command is supported in all MongoDB Atlas clusters. 所有MongoDB Atlas集群都支持此命令。For information on Atlas support for all commands, see Unsupported Commands.有关Atlas支持所有命令的信息，请参阅不支持的命令。

Behavior行为

The following describe the insert behavior of various write operations when used in conjunction with Bulk.find.upsert().下面描述了与Bulk.find.upsert()结合使用时各种写入操作的插入行为。

Insert for Bulk.find.replaceOne()用于Bulk.find.replaceOne()的插入

The Bulk.find.replaceOne() method accepts, as its parameter, a replacement document that only contains field and value pairs:Bulk.find.replaceOne()方法接受仅包含字段和值对的替换文档作为其参数：

var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { item: "abc123" } ).upsert().replaceOne(
   {
     item: "abc123",
     status: "P",
     points: 100,
   }
);
bulk.execute();

If the replacement operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the inserted document is the replacement document. 如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的替换操作执行插入，则插入的文档就是替换文档。If neither the replacement document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:如果替换文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("52ded3b398ca567f5c97ac9e"),
  "item" : "abc123",
  "status" : "P",
  "points" : 100
}

Insert for Bulk.find.updateOne()用于Bulk.find.updateOne()的插入

The Bulk.find.updateOne() method accepts as its parameter either:Bulk.find.updateOne()方法接受以下任一参数作为其参数：

Field and Value Pairs字段和值对

If the parameter is a replacement document that contains only field and value pairs:如果参数是仅包含字段和值对的替换文档：

var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { status: "P" } ).upsert().updateOne(
   {
     item: "TBD",
     points: 0,
     inStock: true,
     status: "I"
   }
);
bulk.execute();

Then, if the update operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the inserted document is the replacement document. If neither the replacement document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:然后，如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的更新操作执行插入，则插入的文档是替换文档。如果替换文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("52ded5a898ca567f5c97ac9f"),
  "item" : "TBD",
  "points" : 0,
  "inStock" : true,
  "status" : "I"
}

Update Operator Expressions更新运算符表达式

If the parameter is an update document that contains only update operator expressions:如果参数是仅包含更新运算符表达式的更新文档：

var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { status: "P", item: null } ).upsert().updateOne(
   {
     $setOnInsert: { qty: 0, inStock: true },
     $set: { points: 0 }
   }
);
bulk.execute();

Then, if the update operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the update operation inserts a document with field and values from the query document of the Bulk.find() method and then applies the specified updates from the update document. If neither the update document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:然后，如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的更新操作执行插入操作，则更新操作将从Bulk.find()方法的查询文档中插入一个包含字段和值的文档，然后从更新文档中应用指定的更新。如果更新文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5e28d1a1500153bc2872dadd"),
   "item" : null,
   "status" : "P",
   "inStock" : true,
   "points" : 0,
   "qty" : 0
}

Aggregation Pipeline聚合管道

Update methods can accept an aggregation pipeline. For example, the following uses:更新方法可以接受聚合管道。例如，以下使用：

  • the $replaceRoot stage which can provide somewhat similar behavior to a $setOnInsert update operator expression,$replaceRoot阶段可以提供与$setOnInsert更新运算符表达式有些相似的行为，
  • the $set stage which can provide similar behavior to the $set update operator expression,$set阶段可以提供与$set更新运算符表达式类似的行为，
  • the aggregation variable NOW, which resolves to the current datetime and can provide similar behavior to a $currentDate update operator expression.聚合变量NOW解析为当前日期时间，并可以提供与$currentDate更新运算符表达式类似的行为。
var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { item: "Not Found", status: "P" } ).upsert().updateOne(
   [
      { $replaceRoot: { newRoot: { $mergeObjects: [ { qty: 0, inStock: true }, "$$ROOT"  ] } } },
      { $set: { points: 0, lastModified: "$$NOW" } }
   ]
);
bulk.execute();

Then, if the update operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the update operation inserts a document with field and values from the query document of the Bulk.find() method and then applies the specified aggregation pipeline. If neither the update document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:然后，如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的更新操作执行插入，则更新操作将从Bulk.find()方法的查询文档中插入一个包含字段和值的文档，然后应用指定的聚合管道。如果更新文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5e28cf1e500153bc2872d49f"),
   "qty" : 0,
   "inStock" : true,
   "item" : "Not Found",
   "status" : "P",
   "points" : 0,
   "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-01-22T22:39:26.789Z")
}

Insert for Bulk.find.update()用于Bulk.find.update()的插入

When using upsert() with the multiple document update method Bulk.find.update(), if no documents match the query condition, the update operation inserts a single document.当将upsert()与多文档更新方法Bulk.find.update()一起使用时，如果没有文档符合查询条件，则更新操作将插入一个文档。

The Bulk.find.update() method accepts as its parameter either:Bulk.find.update()方法接受以下任一参数作为其参数：

  • an update document that contains only update operator expressions, or仅包含更新运算符表达式的更新文档，或
  • an aggregation pipeline.聚合管道。

Update Operator Expressions更新运算符表达式

If the parameter is an update document that contains only update operator expressions:如果参数是仅包含更新运算符表达式的更新文档：

var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { status: "P" } ).upsert().update(
   {
     $setOnInsert: { qty: 0, inStock: true },
     $set: { status: "I", points: "0" }
   }
);
bulk.execute();

Then, if the update operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the update operation inserts a single document with the fields and values from the query document of the Bulk.find() method and then applies the specified update from the update document. If neither the update document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:然后，如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的更新操作执行插入，则更新操作将插入一个包含Bulk.find()方法的查询文档中的字段和值的单个文档，然后从更新文档中应用指定的更新。如果更新文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
   "_id": ObjectId("52ded81a98ca567f5c97aca1"),
   "status": "I",
   "qty": 0,
   "inStock": true,
   "points": "0"
}

Aggregation Pipeline聚合管道

Update methods can accept an aggregation pipeline. For example, the following uses:更新方法可以接受聚合管道。例如，以下使用：

  • the $replaceRoot stage which can provide somewhat similar behavior to a $setOnInsert update operator expression,$replaceRoot阶段可以提供与$setOnInsert更新运算符表达式有些相似的行为，
  • the $set stage which can provide similar behavior to the $set update operator expression,$set阶段可以提供与$set更新运算符表达式类似的行为，
  • the aggregation variable NOW, which resolves to the current datetime and can provide similar behavior to the $currentDate update operator expression. The value of NOW remains the same throughout the pipeline. To access aggregation variables, prefix the variable with double dollar signs $$ and enclose in quotes.聚合变量NOW，它解析为当前日期时间，并可以提供与$currentDate更新运算符表达式类似的行为。NOW的价值在整个流程中保持不变。要访问聚合变量，请在变量前添加双美元符号$$并括在引号中。
var bulk = db.items.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.find( { item: "New Item", status: "P" } ).upsert().update(
   [
      { $replaceRoot: { newRoot: { $mergeObjects: [ { qty: 0, inStock: true }, "$$ROOT"  ] } } },
      { $set: { points: 0, lastModified: "$$NOW" } }
   ]
);
bulk.execute();

Then, if the update operation with the Bulk.find.upsert() option performs an insert, the update operation inserts a single document with the fields and values from the query document of the Bulk.find() method and then applies the aggregation pipeline. If neither the update document nor the query document specifies an _id field, MongoDB adds the _id field:然后，如果使用Bulk.find.upsert()选项的更新操作执行插入，则更新操作将插入一个包含Bulk.find()方法的查询文档中的字段和值的单个文档，然后应用聚合管道。如果更新文档和查询文档都没有指定_id字段，MongoDB会添加_id字段：

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5e2920a5b4c550aad59d18a1"),
   "qty" : 0,
   "inStock" : true,
   "item" : "New Item",
   "status" : "P",
   "points" : 0,
   "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-01-23T04:27:17.780Z")
}

Tip