db.collection.insert() (mongosh method方法)

Write Concern写关注

The insert() method uses the insert command, which uses the default write concern. insert()方法使用insert命令，该命令使用默认的写关注。To specify a different write concern, include the write concern in the options parameter.要指定不同的写入关注，请将写入关注包含在options参数中。

Create Collection创建集合

If the collection does not exist, then the insert() method will create the collection.如果该集合不存在，则insert()方法将创建该集合。

_id Field字段

If the document does not specify an _id field, then MongoDB will add the _id field and assign a unique ObjectId() for the document before inserting. 如果文档没有指定_id字段，则MongoDB将添加_id字段，并在插入之前为文档分配一个唯一的ObjectId()。Most drivers create an ObjectId and insert the _id field, but the mongod will create and populate the _id if the driver or application does not.大多数驱动程序创建一个ObjectId并插入_id字段，但如果驱动程序或应用程序没有创建并填充_id，mongod将创建并填充该_id。

If the document contains an _id field, the _id value must be unique within the collection to avoid duplicate key error.如果文档包含_id字段，则_id值在集合中必须是唯一的，以避免重复键错误。

Transactions事务

db.collection.insert() can be used inside distributed transactions.可以在分布式事务中使用。

Oplog Entries操作日志条目

If a db.collection.insert() operation successfully inserts a document, the operation adds an entry on the oplog (operations log). 如果db.collection.insert()操作成功插入文档，则该操作会在oplog（操作日志）上添加一个条目。If the operation fails, the operation does not add an entry on the oplog.如果操作失败，则操作不会在oplog上添加条目。

Insert a Document without Specifying an _id Field插入文档而不指定_id字段

In the following example, the document passed to the insert() method does not contain the _id field:在以下示例中，传递给insert()方法的文档不包含_id字段：

db.products.insert( { item: "card", qty: 15 } )

During the insert, mongod will create the _id field and assign it a unique ObjectId() value, as verified by the inserted document:在插入过程中，mongod将创建_id字段并为其分配一个唯一的ObjectId()值，由插入的文档验证：

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5063114bd386d8fadbd6b004"), "item" : "card", "qty" : 15 }

The ObjectId values are specific to the machine and time when the operation is run. As such, your values may differ from those in the example.ObjectId值特定于运行操作的机器和时间。因此，值可能与示例中的值不同。

Insert a Document Specifying an _id Field插入指定_id字段的文档

In the following example, the document passed to the insert() method includes the _id field. The value of _id must be unique within the collection to avoid duplicate key error.在以下示例中，传递给insert()方法的文档包含_id字段。_id的值在集合中必须是唯一的，以避免重复键错误。

db.products.insert( { _id: 10, item: "box", qty: 20 } )

The operation inserts the following document in the products collection:该操作在products集合中插入以下文档：

{ "_id" : 10, "item" : "box", "qty" : 20 }

Insert Multiple Documents插入多个文档

The following example performs a bulk insert of three documents by passing an array of documents to the insert() method. 以下示例通过向insert()方法传递一个文档数组来执行三个文档的批量插入。By default, MongoDB performs an ordered insert. With ordered inserts, if an error occurs during an insert of one of the documents, MongoDB returns on error without processing the remaining documents in the array.默认情况下，MongoDB执行有序插入。使用有序插入，如果在插入其中一个文档时发生错误，MongoDB将返回错误，而不处理数组中的其余文档。

The documents in the array do not need to have the same fields. For instance, the first document in the array has an _id field and a type field. 数组中的文档不需要具有相同的字段。例如，数组中的第一个文档有一个_id字段和一个type字段。Because the second and third documents do not contain an _id field, mongod will create the _id field for the second and third documents during the insert:由于第二个和第三个文档不包含_id字段，mongod将在插入过程中为第二个及第三个文档创建_id字段：

db.products.insert(
   [
     { _id: 11, item: "pencil", qty: 50, type: "no.2" },
     { item: "pen", qty: 20 },
     { item: "eraser", qty: 25 }
   ]
)

The operation inserted the following three documents:该操作插入了以下三个文档：

{ "_id" : 11, "item" : "pencil", "qty" : 50, "type" : "no.2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a0"), "item" : "pen", "qty" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a1"), "item" : "eraser", "qty" : 25 }

Perform an Unordered Insert执行无序插入

The following example performs an unordered insert of three documents. With unordered inserts, if an error occurs during an insert of one of the documents, MongoDB continues to insert the remaining documents in the array.以下示例执行三个文档的无序插入。对于无序插入，如果在插入其中一个文档时发生错误，MongoDB将继续插入数组中的其余文档。

db.products.insert(
   [
     { _id: 20, item: "lamp", qty: 50, type: "desk" },
     { _id: 21, item: "lamp", qty: 20, type: "floor" },
     { _id: 22, item: "bulk", qty: 100 }
   ],
   { ordered: false }
)

Override Default Write Concern覆盖默认写入关注

The following operation to a replica set specifies a write concern of w: 2 with a wtimeout of 5000 milliseconds. 以下对副本集的操作指定了w:2的写入关注，wtimeout为5000毫秒。This operation either returns after the write propagates to both the primary and one secondary, or times out after 5 seconds.此操作要么在写入传播到主服务器和一个辅助服务器后返回，要么在5秒后超时。

db.products.insert(
    { item: "envelopes", qty : 100, type: "Clasp" },
    { writeConcern: { w: 2, wtimeout: 5000 } }
)

Successful Results成功的结果

The insert() returns a WriteResult() object that contains the status of the operation. insert()返回一个包含操作状态的WriteResult()对象。Upon success, the WriteResult() object contains information on the number of documents inserted:成功后，WriteResult()对象包含插入文档数量的信息：

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

Write Concern Errors写入关注错误

If the insert() method encounters write concern errors, the results include the WriteResult.writeConcernError field:如果insert()方法遇到写关注错误，则结果包括WriteResult.writeConcernError字段：

WriteResult({
  "nInserted" : 1,
  "writeConcernError"({
     "code" : 64,
     "errmsg" : "waiting for replication timed out",
     "errInfo" : {
       "wtimeout" : true,
       "writeConcern" : {
         "w" : "majority",
         "wtimeout" : 100,
         "provenance" : "getLastErrorDefaults"
       }
     }
})

Errors Unrelated to Write Concern与写入关注无关的错误

If the insert() method encounters a non-write concern error, the results include the WriteResult.writeError field:如果insert()方法遇到非写入关注错误，则结果包括WriteResult.writeError字段：

WriteResult({
   "nInserted" : 0,
   "writeError" : {
      "code" : 11000,
      "errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 11000 E11000 duplicate key error index: test.foo.$_id_  dup key: { : 1.0 }"
   }
})