Database Manual / Security / Database Users

Built-In Roles

MongoDB grants access to data and commands through role-based authorization and provides built-in roles that provide the different levels of access commonly needed in a database system. You can additionally create user-defined roles.

A role grants privileges to perform sets of actions on defined resources. A given role applies to the database on which it is defined and can grant access down to a collection level of granularity.

System collections include those in:

For details, see System Collections.

Non-system collections are those not in namespaces in the previous list.

Each of MongoDB's built-in roles defines access at the database level for all non-system collections in the role's database and at the collection level for all system collections.

This section describes the privileges for each built-in role. You can also view the privileges for a built-in role at any time by issuing the rolesInfo command with the showPrivileges and showBuiltinRoles fields both set to true.

MongoDB Atlas Built-In Roles

Although database users in MongoDB Atlas have different built-in roles than self-hosted deployments, the built-in roles for each type of deployment are built from the same set of privilege actions.

For the built-in database user roles for deployments hosted in MongoDB Atlas, see Atlas Built-In Roles and Privileges.

You can create database users and assign built-in roles in the MongoDB Atlas user interface. To learn more, see Add Database Users.

Database Built-In Roles

MongoDB provides the following built-in roles in self-hosted deployments:

Database User Roles

Every database includes the following client roles:

read

Provides the ability to read data on all non-system collections and the system.js collection.

Note

The role does not provide privileges to directly access the system.namespaces collection directly.

The role provides read access by granting the following actions:

If the user does not have the listDatabases privilege action, users can run the listDatabases command to return a list of databases for which the user has privileges (including databases for which the user has privileges on specific collections) if the command is run with authorizedDatabases option unspecified or set to true.

readWrite

Provides all the privileges of the read role plus ability to modify data on all non-system collections and the system.js collection.

The role provides the following actions on those collections:

Database Administration Roles

Every database includes the following database administration roles:

dbAdmin

Provides the ability to perform administrative tasks such as schema-related tasks, indexing, and gathering statistics. This role does not grant privileges for user and role management.

Specifically, the role provides the following privileges:

ResourcePermitted Actions

system.profile

All non-system collections (i.e. database resource)

For these collections, dbAdmin does not include full read access (i.e. find).

dbOwner

The database owner can perform any administrative action on the database. This role combines the privileges granted by the readWrite, dbAdmin and userAdmin roles.

userAdmin

Provides the ability to create and modify roles and users on the current database. Since the userAdmin role allows users to grant any privilege to any user, including themselves, the role also indirectly provides superuser access to either the database or, if scoped to the admin database, the cluster.

The userAdmin role explicitly provides the following actions:

Warning

It is important to understand the security implications of granting the userAdmin role: a user with this role for a database can assign themselves any privilege on that database. Granting the userAdmin role on the admin database has further security implications as this indirectly provides superuser access to a cluster. With admin scope a user with the userAdmin role can grant cluster-wide roles or privileges including userAdminAnyDatabase.

Cluster Administration Roles

The admin database includes the following roles for administering the whole system rather than just a single database. These roles include but are not limited to replica set and sharded cluster administrative functions.

clusterAdmin

Provides the greatest cluster-management access. This role combines the privileges granted by the clusterManager, clusterMonitor, and hostManager roles. Additionally, the role provides the dropDatabase action.

clusterManager

Provides management and monitoring actions on the cluster. A user with this role can access the config and local databases, which are used in sharding and replication, respectively. Additionally, the role provides the querySettings action.

ResourceActions

cluster

All databases

clusterManager provides additional privileges for the config and local databases.

On the config database, permits the following actions:

ResourceActions

All non-system collections in the config database

system.js

On the local database, permits the following actions:

ResourceActions

All non-system collections in the local database

system.replset collection
clusterMonitor

Provides read-only access to monitoring tools, such as the MongoDB Cloud Manager and Ops Manager monitoring agent.

Permits the following actions on the cluster as a whole:

Permits the following actions on all databases in the cluster:

Permits the find action on all system.profile collections in the cluster.

On the config database, permits the following actions:

ResourceActions

All non-system collections in the config database

collStats
dbHash
dbStats
find
indexStats
killCursors
listCollections
listIndexes
listSearchIndexes
planCacheRead

system.js collection

collStats
dbHash
dbStats
find
killCursors
listCollections
listIndexes
planCacheRead

On the local database, permits the following actions:

ResourceActions

All non-system collections in the local database

collStats
dbHash
dbStats
find
indexStats
killCursors
listCollections
listIndexes
listSearchIndexes
planCacheRead
system.js collection
collStats
dbHash
dbStats
find
killCursors
listCollections
listIndexes
listSearchIndexes
planCacheRead
system.replset,
system.profile,

find

directShardOperations

Starting in MongoDB 8.0, you can use the directShardOperations role to perform maintenance operations that require you to execute commands directly against a shard.

Warning

Running commands using the directShardOperations role can cause your cluster to stop working correctly and may cause data corruption. Only use the directShardOperations role for maintenance purposes or under the guidance of MongoDB support. Once you are done performing maintenance operations, stop using the directShardOperations role.

enableSharding

Provides the ability to enable sharding for a collection and modify existing shard keys.

Provides the following actions on all non-system collections:

hostManager

Provides the ability to monitor and manage servers.

On the cluster as a whole, provides the following actions:

On all databases in the cluster, provides the following actions:

searchCoordinator

Provides readAnyDatabase privileges and write permissions on the __mdb_internal_search database.

Important

Do not modify the contents of the __mdb_internal_search database.

On the cluster as a whole, provides the following action:

Backup and Restoration Roles

The admin database includes the following roles for backing up and restoring data:

backup

Provides minimal privileges needed for backing up data. This role provides sufficient privileges to use the MongoDB Cloud Manager backup agent, Ops Manager backup agent, or to use mongodump to back up an entire mongod instance.

Provides the insert and update actions on the settings collection in the config database.

On anyResource, provides the

On the cluster as a whole, provides the

Provides the find action on the following:

Provides the insert and update actions on the config.settings collection.

The backup role provides additional privileges to back up the system.profile collection that exists when running with database profiling.

restore

Provides convertToCapped on non-system collections.

Provides the necessary privileges to restore data from backups if the data does not include system.profile collection data and you run mongorestore without the --oplogReplay option.

If the backup data includes system.profile collection data or you run with --oplogReplay, you need additional privileges:

system.profile

If the backup data includes system.profile collection data and the target database does not contain the system.profile collection, mongorestore attempts to create the collection even though the program does not actually restore system.profile documents. As such, the user requires additional privileges to perform createCollection and convertToCapped actions on the system.profile collection for a database.

Both the built-in roles dbAdmin and dbAdminAnyDatabase provide the additional privileges.

--oplogReplay

To run with --oplogReplay, create a user-defined role that has anyAction on anyResource.

Grant only to users who must run mongorestore with --oplogReplay.

Provides the following action on the cluster as a whole:

Provides the following actions on all non-system collections:

Provides the following actions on system.js collection:

Provides the following action on anyResource:

Provides the following actions on all non-system collections on the config and the local databases:

Provides the following actions on admin.system.version

Provides the following action on admin.system.roles

Provides the following actions on admin.system.users and legacy system.users collections:

Although, restore includes the ability to modify the documents in the admin.system.users collection using normal modification operations, only modify these data using the user management methods.

Provides the following action on the <database>.system.views collection:

On the cluster as a whole, provides the following actions:

All-Database Roles

The following roles are available on the admin database and provide privileges which apply to all databases except local and config:

readAnyDatabase

Provides the same read-only privileges as read on all databases except local and config. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole.

See also the clusterManager and clusterMonitor roles for access to the config and local databases.

readWriteAnyDatabase

Provides the same privileges as readWrite on all databases except local and config. The role also provides:

See also the clusterManager and clusterMonitor roles for access to the config and local databases.

userAdminAnyDatabase

Provides the same access to user administration operations as userAdmin on all databases except local and config.

userAdminAnyDatabase also provides the following privilege actions on the cluster:

The role provides the following privilege actions on the system.users and system.roles collections on the admin database, and on legacy system.users collections from versions of MongoDB prior to 2.6:

The userAdminAnyDatabase role does not restrict the privileges that a user can grant. As a result, userAdminAnyDatabase users can grant themselves privileges in excess of their current privileges and even can grant themselves all privileges, even though the role does not explicitly authorize privileges beyond user administration. This role is effectively a MongoDB system superuser.

See also the clusterManager and clusterMonitor roles for access to the config and local databases.

dbAdminAnyDatabase

Provides the same privileges as dbAdmin on all databases except local and config. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as a whole.

See also the clusterManager and clusterMonitor roles for access to the config and local databases.

Starting in MongoDB 5.0, dbAdminAnyDatabase includes the applyOps privilege action.

Superuser Roles

Several roles provide either indirect or direct system-wide superuser access.

The following roles provide the ability to assign any user any privilege on any database, which means that users with one of these roles can assign themselves any privilege on any database:

The following role provides full privileges on all resources:

root

Provides access to the operations and all the resources of the following roles combined:

Also provides the following privilege actions:

Changed in version 6.0: The root role includes find and remove privileges on the system.preimages collection in the config database.

Internal Role

__system

MongoDB assigns this role to user objects that represent cluster members, such as replica set members and mongos instances. The role entitles its holder to take any action against any object in the database.

Do not assign this role to user objects representing applications or human administrators, other than in exceptional circumstances.

If you need access to all actions on all resources, for example to run applyOps commands, do not assign this role. Instead, create a user-defined role that grants anyAction on anyResource and ensure that only the users who need access to these operations have this access.